LEGAL DISPUTES: EXPERIENCED BY THE BALKAN MIGRANTS IN TURKEY

In terms of "migration" which is a concept dating back to the history of humanity,Turkey plays an important role as a transit country for the migrants, as being located on the migratory route of Middle East and Central Asia and also as acountry letting in migrants from these regions along with the muslims and Turkish descendants from the Balkans due to many reasons. The problems of the migrants are not resolved upon their arrival in the country allowing the migration, on the contrary, these people face with new problems therein. Legal disputes experienced by the Balkan Migrants in Turkey, which is the subject of this study, have been considered with regard to the concrete examples of Bulgarian migrants.The arrivals of Bulgarian migrants to Turkey took place in various periods and few of these migrations were planned but as the majority of these were unplanned andmassive, the number of the problems, which were faced, increased. The migrations realized between 1923 - 1933 were planned and there were not many problems regarding especially the accomodation and habitation, as Turkey had been prepared for this. During the following periods, it is seen that the migrants faced problems due to the outbreak of planned migrations, in spite of Turkey's good will.Especially, the efforts of the Government to provide housing for the migrants of 1989 failed and the migrants were distressed. Although the legal remedy proposed for the relief of this distress was not sufficient, upon the decree of annulment by the Constitutional Court, further distress of the migrants was prevented.The "retirement" issue experienced by the migrants of 1989 regarding social security was tried to be resolved by the decisions of the Council of State and the Supreme Court of Appeals at first and later a more solid solution was generated upon the amendment in the related legislations.Regarding the resolution of the mentioned problems of the migrants, the significance of the support of both High Courts can be seen. The decisions of the these courts constitute the most important part of this study.The majority of the problems faced by the migrants is related to the country they come from and the solution depends on the negotiations between Turkey and Bulgaria

Povezanost između polimorfizama XRCC1 ARG399GLN i P53 ARG72PRO s rizikom od raka želuca i debeloga crijeva u turskoj populaciji

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers of the gastrointestinal system, and its overall fi ve-year survival rate is still 15 % to 20 %, as it can mostly be diagnosed at an advanced stage. On the other hand, although colorectal cancer has a rather good prognosis, mortality is one half that of the incidence. As carcinogenesis is believed to involve reactive radicals that cause DNA adduct formation, impaired repair activity, and weakened tumour suppression, it would help to understand the role of the polymorphisms of nucleotide excision repair enzyme XRCC1 and of tumour suppressor gene p53 in gastric and colorectal cancers. Our study included 94 gastric cancer patients, 96 colorectal cancer patients, and 108 cancer-free individuals as control with the aim to see if there was an association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells and genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Polymorphism p53 Arg72Pro was not associated with either gastric or colorectal carcinoma, while XRCC1 Arg399Gln was not associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, XRCC1 homozygous Gln allele at codon 399 was associated with 2.54 times higher risk of gastric cancer.Rak želuca najčešći je oblik karcinoma probavnoga sustava, a ukupno mu je preživljenje i dalje 15 % do 20 %, budući da se većinom dijagnosticira u poodmakloj fazi razvoja. S druge pak strane, premda rak debeloga crijeva ima prilično dobru prognozu, smrtnost je i dalje 50 %. Vjeruje se da je nastanak karcinoma povezan s reaktivnim radikalima koji uzrokuju stvaranje DNA-adukata, onemogućavaju popravak DNA te slabe supresiju tumora. Stoga bi bilo korisno razumjeti ulogu polimorfi zama gena za enzim XRCC1 koji sudjeluje u popravku isjecanjem nukleotida i tumor-supresorskoga gena p53 u nastanku raka želuca i debeloga crijeva. Naše je ispitivanje obuhvatilo 94 bolesnika s rakom želuca, 96 bolesnika s rakom debeloga crijeva te 108 kontrolnhih ispitanika (koji nisu oboljeli od bilo kojeg oblika raka) s ciljem da se utvrdi povezanost između polimorfi zama XRCC1 Arg399Gln i p53 Arg72Pro i sklonosti nastanku raka. DNA je dobiven iz stanica periferne krvi, a genotip utvrđen s pomoću metode lančane reakcije polimerazom - polimorfi zma restrikcijskih fragmenata na osnovi dužine (PCRRLFP). Polimorfi zam p53 Arg72Pro nije se pokazao povezanim s povećanim rizikom od raka želuca ili debeloga crijeva niti je XRCC1 Arg399Gln bio povezan s povećanim rizikom od raka debeloga crijeva, ali je zato rizik od raka želuca u homozigotnih nositelja ovoga polimorfi zma bio 2,54 puta veći

Tumor volume estimation by the percentage carcinoma method in uterine cervix carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To assess the capacity of the percentage carcinoma method to predict tumor volume in cervical carcinoma and generate a mathematical equation for calculation of tumor volume

ADP-RIBOSYLATION OF HUMAN SERUM-PROTEINS PROMOTED BY ENDOGENOUS NAD GLYCOHYDROLASE ACTIVITY

Incubation of human serum samples with [adenine-C-14]NAD resulted in a time- and dose-dependent incorporation of adenine moiety into CCI3 COOH-precipitable material. Incorporated radioactivity was relatively resistant to neutral hydroxylamine, but was completely released by treatment with NaOH. An incorporation was observed also after preincubation of NAD with NAD glycohydrolase from pig brain

Detection of t(14;18) in Turkish follicular lymphomas using the polymerase chain reaction

A t(14;18) translocation is closely associated with the follicular lymphoma but is also seen in diffuse B cell lymphomas with a previous history of a follicular lymphoma as well as de novo diffuse lymphomas. Estimation of the frequency of t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma vary widely from 33 to 89%. Furthermore, no extensive data have been published on the frequency of t(14;18) in Turkish cases of follicular lymphoma. Representative tissue blocks from 67 patients with follicular lymphoma, 12 cases of diffuse large B cell lymphomas and 11 cases of reactive hyperplasias were examined for the presence of this translocation using PCR. DNA probes capable of detecting rearrangement at both the major and minor break point regions were employed. We could detect t(14; 18) in 46 out of 67 cases (68.7%) of follicular and 25% of diffuse large B cell lymphomas. In follicular lymphomas 64.2% of these break points were at mbr and 4.5% were at the mcr region. Review of the literature showed that comparable results have been obtained previously using molecular techniques. Our data showed that despite the relative infrequency of follicular lymphomas in the Turkish population these lymphomas share a common molecular pathogenesis with involvement of bcl-2 gene and background incidence of such rearrangement is similar in all populations, regardless the incidence of folicular lymphoma. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved