Problems of Russia’s Integration into the Legal Framework of Europe

In the article the authors examine the issues of legal interaction between Russia and the European Court of Human Rights on the basis of generalization of empirical results obtained during the sociological survey of groups of respondents of different professional backgrounds. The blocks of legislative and law enforcement problems that need to be resolved are highlighted. The conclusion is made about the need to transform and unify the existing Russian legislation and law enforcement practices, relying on the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the practice of national courts. Legislative proposals and law enforcement recommendations are formulated based on the results of the study. In the article, on the basis of generalization of empirical results obtained during the sociological survey of groups of respondents with different professional backgrounds, the authors examine the issues of Russia’s interaction with the European Court of Human Rights. The blocks of legislative and law enforcement problems that need to be resolved are highlighted. Drawing on the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the practice of national courts, it is concluded that it is necessary to transform and unify the existing Russian legislation and law enforcement practice. The results of the study formulate legislative proposals and enforcement recommendations.     Keywords: justice, civil proceedings, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Court of Human Rights, law enforcement, case la

Mycobacteriosis associated with hiv-infection according to biopsy findings

The article presents review and a case report of biopsy-proven intestinal mycobacteriosis associated with HIV-infection. The histopathological features of the lesion were “foamy histiocytes” that required a differential diagnosis between mycobacteriosis and Whipple's disease. The authors demonstrate morphologic changings in duodenal biopsy tissue inspected via different methods of staining.В статье приведены литературные данные и клинический случай микобактериоза тонкой кишки при ВИЧ-инфекции, диагностированный на основании исследования материала биопсии. Морфологическим субстратом поражения являлись «пенистые макрофаги», что требовало дифференциального диагноза с болезнью Уиппла. Представлена микроскопическая картина биоптата двенадцатиперстной кишки, исследованного с использованием различных методов окрашивания

Soil carbon and nutrient pools, microbial properties and gross nitrogen transformations in adjacent natural forest and hoop pine plantations of subtropical Australia

Background, Aims, and Scope. An improved understanding of important soil carbon (C) and nutrient pools as well as microbial activities in forest ecosystems is required for developing effective forest management regimes underpinning forest productivity and sustainability. Forest types and management practices can have significant impacts on soil C and nutrient pools as well as biological properties in forest ecosystems. Soil C and nutrient pools were assessed for adjacent natural forest (NF), first rotation (1R) (50-year-old), and second rotation (2R) (1-year-old) hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Ait. ex D. Don) plantations in southeast Queensland of subtropical Australia. Materials and Methods. Five transects spaced 3 m apart with 9 sampling points along each transect were selected (9.6 m x 12.0 m each site), with 45 soil cores (7.5 cm in diameter) collected and separated into 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. These soils were analysed for total C, total nitrogen (N), C (delta C-13) and N (delta N-15) isotope composition. The 0-10 cm soils were analysed for pH, CEC, exchangeable cations, total P and total K, and assayed for microbial biomass C and N, respiration, metabolic quotient, potential mineralizable N (PMN), gross N mineralization (M) and immobilization (I). Results. Total C and N in 0-10 cm soils were higher under NF and 1R plantation than under 2R plantation, while they were highest in 10-20 cm soils under NF, followed by the 1R and then 2R plantation. delta C-13 was lower under NF than under the plantations, while delta N-15 was higher under NF than under the plantations. Total P was the highest under NF, followed by the 1R and then 2R plantation, while total K was higher under the 2R plantation. No significant differences were detected for pH, CEC, exchangeable cations, microbial C and N, respiration and metabolic quotient among the 3 sites. PMN and M were higher under NF, while 1 was the highest under the 2R plantation, followed by the NF and then 1R plantation. Discussion. Soil total C and N in 0-10 cm depth were significantly lower under 2R hoop pine plantation than those under NF and 1R hoop pine plantation. There were significant reductions in soil total C and N from NF to 1R and from 1R to 2R hoop pine plantations in 10-20 cm depth. This highlights potential N deficiency in the 2R hoop pine plantations, and application of N fertilizers may be required to improve the productivity of 2R hoop pine plantations. There were no significant differences in other soil chemical and physical properties in 0-10 cm depth among the 3 sites under NF, 1R and 2R hoop pine plantations, except for soil total P and K. Soil microbial biomass C, CO2 respiration and metabolic quotient did not differ among the 3 sites assessed, perhaps mainly due to these biological variables being too sensitive to variations in soil chemical and physical properties and thereby being associated with a larger variability in the soil biological properties. However, soil potential mineralizable N, gross N mineralization and immobilization were rather sensitive to the conversion of NF to hoop pine plantation and forest management practices. Conclusions. Total C and N in the top 20 cm soil were highest under NF, followed by 1R and then 2R hoop pine plantations, indicating that N deficiency may become a growth-limiting factor in the 2R hoop pine plantations and subsequent rotations of hoop pine plantation. The sample size for Soil delta C-13 Seems to be much smaller than those for soil total C and N as well as delta N-15. The significant reductions in soil total P from NF to 1R and then from 1R to 2R hoop pine plantations highlight that P deficiency might become another growth-limiting factor in the second and subsequent rotations of hoop pine plantations. Soil microbial properties may be associated with large spatial variations due to these biological properties being too sensitive to the variations in soil chemical and physical properties in these forest ecosystems. Recommendations and Perspectives. Soil potential mineralizable N, gross N mineralization and immobilization were useful indices of soil N availability in response to forest types and management practices. The sampling size for Soil delta C-13 was much smaller than the other soil chemical and biological properties due to the different patterns of spatial variation in these soil properties

Variation in branchlet delta C-13 in relation to branchlet nitrogen concentration and growth in 8-year-old hoop pine families (Araucaria cunninghamii) in subtropical Australia

Carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of branchlet tissue at nine canopy positions, and nitrogen concentration (N(mass)) at four canopy positions, were assessed in 8-year-old hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Ait. ex D. Don) trees from 23 half-sib families

Clinical significance of FLG gene mutations in children with atopic dermatitis

Skin barrier dysfunction due to deficiency of the skin protein filaggrin is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Objective: to determine the clinical significance of 2282 del CAGT, R501X, R2447X, and S3247X mutations in the FLG gene in children with atopic dermatitis. The investigation included 58 children with atopic dermatitis. A molecular genetic analysis of the four mutations in the FLG gene was done in all the children. In the patients with FLG gene mutations, there was a tendency towards a higher frequency of sensitization to house dust allergens, significantly more often sensitization to cat epidermal allergen, and significantly higher levels of specific IgE to the cat epidermis. Conclusion. Mutations in the FLG gene encoding the protein filaggrin raise the risk for sensitization to domestic and epidermal allergens and, in case of already existing sensitization to the cat epidermis, the patients are found with a high degree of probability to have the high concentration of specific IgE to this allergen. The above fact justifies the need to place special emphasis on measures to eliminate house dust allergens, and cat epidermis allergen in particular, and to personalize approaches to therapy and prevention of atopic dermatitis in children