Environmental Hazards And Its Impact On Human Health – A Study

In the name of progress or growth of industries, the business community has encouraged the coming up of the various industries using all sorts of chemicals mainly causing health problems to the human society. If any sensitive person raises any question about the health hazards that the science has brought in, the Government responds by various legislations, rules and regulations, guidelines and claims that these laws and rules would control and protect the health of the people. In this context, it should be emphasised here that every State in India is responsible for assuring and guaranteeing hygienic atmosphere and provide healthy environment for its citizens. Indiscriminate permissions to start polluting industries, not maintaining properly the sewerage system, disposal of solid waste, lack of facilities for storing the rain waters, disposal of waste and effluent, improper maintenance of rural lanes, bye-lanes and thickly populated urban areas are main reasons for creating health problem among the people. To make their living free from health hazards and create a peaceful atmosphere and thereby making our living peaceful and pleasurable and not painful and dreary. The Government must take it as its onerous responsibility by plucking into action rather than suggesting and taking without any practicable applicability. Serious steps should be taken, we cannot depend only on the law and State. People must come forward to help the Government. Let us unite to make our lives safe and peaceful by keeping our streets clean, atmosphere unpolluted so that health hazards can completely be prevented

A Study on Swasa Kaasam

The clinical study on SWASA KAASAM was carried out in Post graduate department of Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Arignar Anna Hospital, Chennai –106 during the period of 2011-2012. A total of 40 patients were treated in the O.P and I.P department. The clinical and pathological assessment was carried out on the basis of both Siddha and modern aspects. All the 40 patients were treated with Linga maathirai (1 tablet tds daily with water). The duration of the treatment was fixed as 45 days. The responses were assessed once in 7 days for all the patients. • The peak incidence of Swasa kasam was found to be in 31-40 years of age group of both sex. • The prevalence of the disease was high among lower class population 70%, Middle class 22.5%, and High class population 7.5%. • Out of 40 patients, 22.5%were industry, 5% were watch man, 52.5% were house wife, 20% were other workers. • Among dietary patterns, 77.5% patients consume Mixed diet. • Regarding personal habits, 27.5% were smoker, 7.5% were Alcoholic, 12.5% were betalnut & Tobacco chewer, and 5% were snuff users. • Out of 40 patients, 7.5% comes under Vali kaalam, 52.5% comes under Azhal kaalam, and 40% comes under Iyya kaalam. • From selected 40 patients, 37.5% comes under Kaarkaalam, 17.5% comes under Koothirkaalam, 20% comes under Munpani, 5% comes under Elavenil, 20% comes under Mudhuvenil kaalam. • In vatham - Pranan, Udhanan and Vyanan (100%),Kirugaran (40%), Samanan(40%), Abanan (20%) Devadhathan (45%), Koorman (15%) were affected. • In pitham - Sadhaga Pitham (100%), Ranjaga pitham (25%), Aanalagam (37.5%), Aalosagam (15%) were affected. • In Kapham - Avalambagam (100%) and Kilethagam (40%), and Santhigam (30%) were affected. • Among Ezhu Udal Kattugal, Saaram, (100%), Enbu (30%) and Seneer (25%) were affected. • Among Envagai Thervugal, Vizhi (15%), Niram (25%), Naa (25%), Mozhi (100%), and Malam (50%) were affected. • Naadi in Swasa kasam patients felt as, Vali iyya naadi (50%) and Azhaliyyam naadi (50%). • The Neikuri examination 50% show Vatha neer, 10% Pitha neer, 40% shows Kabha neer. • Out of 40 patients, 28 patients (70%) shows good result and 10 patients (25%) shows moderate result, 2 cases (5%) shows poor result. • Regarding Peak expiratory flow rate, 67.5% shows good result and 25% shows moderate result, 7.5% shows poor result. • The ingredients of trial medicines were found to have the properties of controlling Swasa kasam. • The clinical trial conducted in selected patients were satisfactory and encouraging. • The Pharmacological studies of the trail medicine shows good result. • The bio-statistical report of the clinical trial shows significant result P value < 0.01. • Among 40 cases, 70% of the cases show good results and 25% of the cases show moderate result, 5% of the cases shows poor result. CONCLUSION: Swasa kasam is primarily due to the derangement of Vali and Iyya kutram. • The trial medicines Linga maathirai predominating kaarpu suvai neutralizes the deranged Iyya kutram. • Linga maathirai did not produce any toxicity in preclinical study. So it is a very safe drug for Swasa kasam. • From the preclinical pharmacological studies it is evident that the trial medicines have Anti histamine and Broncho dilator activity. • No contra indication was reported during the course of the treatment. • The trial medicines gave maximum relief from the symptoms of Swasa kasam. • The preparation of trial medicine is easy and economical. • Therefore I conclude the trial drug for disease swasa kaasam was statisfactory and encouraging

‘Site of contact genotoxicity’ assessment for implants - Potential use of single cell gel electrophoresis in biocompatibility testing of medical devices

Toxicological risk assessment of medical devices requires genotoxicity assessment as per ISO 10993, Part 3, which is designed to address gene mutations, clastogenicity and/or aneugenicity endpoints. ‘Site of contact genotoxicity’ is a potential genotoxic risk especially for medical implants, that is currently not addressed in biocompatibility standards. We therefore performed initial validation study on the use of alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) for detecting ‘site of contact genotoxicity’ of medical devices, using test items made of acrylic implants impregnated with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Comet assay detected increased DNA migration at the site of implantation, but not in the liver. The same implants also failed to show any genotoxicity potentials, when tested on the standard test battery using Salmonella/microsome and chromosome aberration assays. The study suggested that some medical implants can cause ‘site of contact genotoxicity’, without producing systemic genotoxicity. In conclusion, comet assay will add new dimension to safety assessment of medical devices, and this assay can be added to the battery of genetic toxicology tests for evaluating biocompatibility of medical implants

Serum based screening and molecular detection of brucellosis in ruminants

22-25Brucellosis is a highly infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, dogs, horses and wild animals primarily caused by Brucella abortus, B. ovis, B. suis, B. melitensis, and B. canis. It has a significant threat to the livestock and human community mainly in developing countries and requires accurate diagnosis, characterization and management. This study was undertaken in 238 samples (112 serum samples from the sheep, 82 serum samples from the goat and 44 serum samples from the cattle) suspected of brucellosis collected from the southern districts of Tamil Nadu. All the 238 samples were screened for the brucellosis by carrying out rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT). The seropositive serum samples were further subjected to Brucella cell surface salt extractable protein 31 (BCSP 31) gene-based PCR for Brucella genus confirmation. The BCSP 31-PCR positive samples were further subjected to Brucella-AMOS (avis-melitensis-ovis-suis) multiplex PCR for identification of B. abortus, B. ovis, B. melitensis and B. suis species. The study revealed that 8.92% (n = 10) serum samples from sheep, 9.75% (n = 8) serum samples from goat and 6.81% (n = 3) serum samples from cattle were seropositive for brucellosis by RBPT. All the twenty one seropositive samples produced specific amplicon of 223 bp by BCSP 31-PCR confirms brucellosis. Further molecular typing of BCSP 31-PCR positive samples by Brucella –AMOS  PCR revealed specific amplicon of 498 bp indicating the involvement of B. abortus in 19 serum (10 from sheep, 6 from goat and 3 from cattle) samples. One serum sample from goat revealed specific amplicons of 498 bp and 731 bp indicating the involvement of both B. abortus and B. meletensis. Another serum sample from goat yielded specific amplicons of 498 bp, 731 bp and 285 bp suggesting the mixed infection of B. abortus, B. meletensis and B. suis, respectively. The B. abortus is the common species involved in cattle, sheep and goat infections. Two caprine samples showed mixed infection which involves B. abortus, B. meletensis and B. suis species. The study concludes that the serum can be used as an alternate specimen for the fast and reliable molecular diagnosis of brucellosis

Usporedna analiza sekvenci dijagnostičkih PCR umnožaka virusa ovčjih boginja iz indijske ovce

Field samples were identified by agar gel precipitation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as positive for sheeppox virus. Envelope protein gene PCR amplicons (192 bp) of Indian sheeppox viruses isolated in 1997 and 2003 were sequenced to analyse nucleotide divergence. Analysis revealed that 2003 isolates possessed 100% nucleotide identity to each other, but only 95% nucleotide and amino acid were identity to an isolate from 1997. These Indian isolates were unique from other capripox virus sequences in that they contained a single codon insertion. Consistent with previous findings, the results indicate that recent sheepox virus isolates in India are more similar to previously described sheepox virus than to goatpox viruses from India and elsewhere.Virus ovčjih boginja dokazan je u terenskim uzorcima imunodifuzijom u gelu i lančanom reakcijom polimeraze (PCR). PCR umnošci gena za protein ovojnice (192 pb) indijskih izolata virusa ovčjih boginja izdvojenih tijekom 1997. i 2003. razlikovali su se po nukleotidnom slijedu. Izolati iz 2003. međusobno su bili identični u 100% nukleotida, dok je izolat iz 1997. bio njima podudaran samo u 95% nukleotida i aminokiselina. Ti indijski izolati bili su jedinstveni u odnosu na druge viruse boginja koza po jednom ugrađenom kodonu. U skladu s prijašnjim istraživanjima, nalazi ukazuju da su nedavni izolati virusa ovčjih boginja u Indiji sličniji ranije opisanim virusima ovčjih boginja nego virusima kozjih boginja iz Indije i drugdje

Genomic Prediction: Progress and Perspectives for Rice Improvement

Genomic prediction can be a powerful tool to achieve greater rates of genetic gain for quantitative traits if thoroughly integrated into a breeding strategy. In rice as in other crops, the interest in genomic prediction is very strong with a number of studies addressing multiple aspects of its use, ranging from the more conceptual to the more practical. In this chapter, we review the literature on rice (Oryza sativa) and summarize important considerations for the integration of genomic prediction in breeding programs. The irrigated breeding program at the International Rice Research Institute is used as a concrete example on which we provide data and R scripts to reproduce the analysis but also to highlight practical challenges regarding the use of predictions. The adage “To someone with a hammer, everything looks like a nail” describes a common psychological pitfall that sometimes plagues the integration and application of new technologies to a discipline. We have designed this chapter to help rice breeders avoid that pitfall and appreciate the benefits and limitations of applying genomic prediction, as it is not always the best approach nor the first step to increasing the rate of genetic gain in every context

Sinonasal Synovial Sarcoma Masquerading as A Common Soft Tissue Tumor: A Diagnostic Challenge and Literature Review

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm which amounts to 7-10% of all sarcomas. Clinicopathological heterogeneity within this tumour creates a diagnostic challenge in sorting it out from its differential diagnoses. Here we report a 42-year-old female patient presenting with a mass in the right nasal cavity for two months. With an imaging impression of a right ethmoidal polyp with a remote possibility of malignant etiology, a final diagnosis of sinonasal synovial sarcoma was made with the help of a panel of IHC antibodies. A high degree of suspicion along with a detailed work up is required to accurately diagnose synovial sarcoma in unlikely locations such as nasal cavity. Keywords: Synovial sarcoma, Nasal cavity, TLE­1, BCL2, SOX 1

Assessment and Implementation of Lean and Green Supply Chain in Medium Scale Automobile Industries using AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS

720-726For several years manufacturing industry has been flourishing in India and among the manufacturing industries automobile is one of the fundamental. This paper focuses on the execution of the lean and green supply chain in the medium scale automobile industrial sectors. The critical factors are discovered dependent on expert’s opinion and through questionnaires sent to the industries. The significance and the degrees of the factors are taken from interpretive structural modeling. Utilizing these levels, the critical weights of each factor are obtained through analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The critical weights are used in TOPSIS and Fuzzy TOPSIS, to find out the efficiency of the industries