Régime alimentaire de Engraulis encrasicolus (Linneaus, 1758) du littoral de la Côte d’Ivoire

Engraulis encrasicolus est un poisson téléostéen clupéiforme de la famille des Engraulidae. Le régime alimentaire général de E. encrasicolus dans le littoral de la Côte d’Ivoire a été étudié en fonction de la taille des individus et des saisons hydrologiques. Les poissons de 6 à 12 cm de longueur standard sont les captures des sennes de plage et sennes tournantes de septembre 2005 à Août 2006. Six cent dix estomacs ont été analysés dont 404 contenaient des proies et 206 étaient vides, soit 33,80% de vacuité. Ce coefficient a varié en fonction des saisons de crue et de décrue. L’indice de prépondérance (Ip) combinant les pourcentages d’occurrence corrigé (Fc) et pondéral (P) ont été utilisés pour analyser l’importance des différents items identifiés. Le régime alimentaire général est composé de 10 items regroupés en 4 catégories de proies : les copépodes, les cladocères, les macrophytes et les insectes. E. encrasicolus se nourrit principalement de Copépodes (68,14% de Ip) (Thermocyclops decipiens, Centropages chierchiae, temora turbinata et acartia claussi) dans la zone d’étude. Les cladocères, (Ip = 29,5%) sont consommés de manière  importante. Les macrophytes et les insectes sont des proies accessoires. Le régime alimentaire de E. encrasicolus varie avec la taille. Cette variation est une stratégie alimentaire en rapport avec des modifications  ontogénétiques, anatomiques et morphologiques chez les poissons. L’espèce adapte son régime alimentaire en fonction des saisons marines en relation avec la disponibilité des proies.Mots clés : Engraulidae, Engraulis encrasicolus, alimentation, littoral, Côte d’Ivoire

Incorporation du coprah et des cuticules de cacao et d’arachide dans l’aliment du (tilapia du nil( (Oreohromis niloticus, linné, 1758) eleve en etang : Effet sur la croissance et la composition biochimique

Dans le but de réduire le coût de l’alimentation du tilapia en élevage, quatre aliments exogènes pulvérulents dont un industriel (Ivograin) servant de référence (AR) et trois tests locaux (A1, A2 et A3) formulés uniquement à base de sous-produits locaux ont été utilisés. La composition de base des aliments tests est : A1 (cuticules de de fève de cacao, son de maïs, tourteaux de soja et coton) ; A2 (cuticules de graine d’arachide, son de maïs, tourteaux de soja et coton) et A3 (tourteaux de coprah, soja et coton et son de maïs). Tous les aliments titrent environ 28 % de protéines. L’expérience est conduite à la ferme « Blondey » (Côte d’Ivoire) sur des juvéniles de Oreochromis niloticus d’un poids initial de 33,3 ± 0,4 g. Des juvéniles ne recevant pas d’aliment exogène ont servi de lot témoin (At) pour apprécier l’effet de l’aliment endogène. La densité de stockage était de 2 poissons/m2. Trois étangs par traitement ont été utilisés. La ration journalière a été distribuée à 9 h et à 15 h. Après 180 jours d’expérience, les poids moyens finaux ont atteint des valeurs respectives de 273,42 ± 26g ; 295,08 ± 18,5 g ; 352,1 ± 20,7g ; 309,38 ± 22,3 g et 101,06 ± 4 g pour A3, A2, A1, AR et At. Au niveau des aliments exogènes, le meilleur quotient nutritif (Qn= 2,22) et de croissance journalière (1,77 g/jour) ont été obtenus avec A1. Le plus grand Qn (2,88) et la plus faible croissance journalière (1,33g /jour) sont enregistrés avec A3. La comparaison de tous les lots indique que la plus faible croissance (0,38 g/jour) est enregistrée chez les poissons non nourris à l’aliment exogène (At). Les lipides corporels (16 - 17 %) sont plus élevés chez les poissons nourris aux aliments tests que ceux des lots de référence (14 %) et témoins (13 %). Par rapport à l’aliment AR, les aliments tests réduisent le coût de revient de l’aliment et le coût de l’alimentation par unité de prise de poids de 15 - 18 % et 3,1 - 27,4 %, respectivement.Mots clés : Aliments, arachide, cacao, coprah, cuticules, Oreochromis niloticusEnglish AbstractIncorporation of coconut oil cake, cocoa bean shell and peanut skin in diet for nile tilapia (Oreohromis niloticus, linné, 1758) reared in pond : Effect on growth and biochemical compositionIn order to reduce feeding cost of rearing tilapia, four powdered diets including an industrial product (Ivograin) (as reference = AR) and three practical diets (A1, A2 and A3) formulated using local by-products were used. Formulated diets were designated as A1 (cocoa bean shell, corn bran, soybean oil cake, cottonseeds oil cake, premix), A2 (peanut skin, corn bran, soybean oil cake, cottonseeds oil cake, premix) and A3 (corn bran, soybean oil cake, cottonseeds oil cake and coconut oil cake). The four diets contained approximately 28 % crude protein. The experiment was carried out at farm « Blondey » (Ivory Coast) on fingerlings Oreochromis niloticus with an initial body weight of 33.3 ± 0.4g. In addition, fingerlings non-fed with exogenous diet were used as control group to assess the impact of the natural food. The used stocking density was 2 fish/m2. Three replicate ponds were assigned to each of the treatment. Fish were fed twice daily (9.00 h and 15.00 h). After 180 days of experiment, the final body weight observed were respectively 273.42 ± 26 ; 295.08 ± 18.5 ; 352.1 ± 20,7 ; 309.38 ± 22.3 g and 101.06 ± 4 g for A3, A2, A1, AR and At. Considering the four diets (A1, A2, A3 and AR), the best daily weight gain (1.77 g/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.22) were obtained with A1 which were significantly different (p < 0.05) from values obtained for the other groups. The poorest weight gain (1.33 g/day) and the highest feed conversion ratio (2.88) were recorded for A3. The comparison of all groups (A1, A2, A3, AR and At) revealed that the poorest value of the daily weight gain (1.33 g/day) was recorded for the control group (At). Fat deposition was highest (16 - 17 %) in fish fed practical diets, while fish fed diets AR and control fish (At) recorded respectively (14 %) and (13 %). Practical diets reduced the feed cost and feeding cost per unit of weight gain by 15 - 18 % and 3.1 - 27.4 %, respectively.Keywords : Diets, peanut skin, cocoa bean shell, coconut oil cake, Oreochromis niloticu

Effect of diets containing cocoa bean shell and coconut oil cake on the growth of Oreochromis niloticus (LINNE, 1758) in pond

A 180-day feeding trial was conducted at fish farm ‘’Blondey‘’ (Côte d’Ivoire) with Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (LINNE, 1758) to evaluate the effect of cocoa bean shell and coconut oil cake on its growth. Juvenile tilapia (mean weight of 33.16 ± 2.2 g) was fed with a commercial diet (Ivograin) and two formulated diets twice daily (09.00 h and 15.00 h). The used stocking density was 2 fish/m2. Formulated diets were designated as D1 (cocoa bean shell, corn bran, soybean oil cake and cottonseeds oil cake) and D2 (coconut oil cake, corn bran, soybean oil cake and cottonseeds oil cake). All the tested diets contain around 28% protein and each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate ponds to evaluate growth, feed utilization, body composition and cost benefit. Fish fed diet with D1 gave the highest daily weight gain (1.94 ± 0.30 g/day) and the best feed conversion ratio (2.01). The lowest daily weight gain (1.53 ± 0.32 g/day) and the highest feed conversion ratio (2.47) were recorded for diet D2. Tilapia fed with diet D2 and commercial one (Ivograin) displayed similar growth and feed efficiencies patterns. Lipid accumulation was higher in fish reared with diets D1 and D2 compared to reference diet (Ivograin). Diets D1 and D2 reduce feed costs per unit of weight gain by 34.44 and 19.47%, respectively, compared to commercial diet.Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus, feeding, cocoa bean shell, coconut oil cake, growth, Côte d’Ivoire

Activite Photosynthetique Du Phytoplancton Dans Le Barrage Hydroelectrique D\'ayame I (Côte D\'ivoire)

L\'activité photosynthétique du phytoplancton du barrage hydroélectrique d\'Ayamé I a été suivie au cours de six campagnes de mesures sur deux stations (Bakro, Ayamé) afin d\'évaluer son évolution spatio-temporelle et d\'identifier les variables qui la contrôlent. Les mesures de la productivité photosynthétique du phytoplancton ont été effectuées dans la couche euphotique (0-3 m). Les résultats montrent une variabilité temporelle de l\'activité photosynthétique dans les deux stations du lac. Les productivités phytoplanctoniques sont maximales à Bakro et à Ayamé en début de saison des pluies (respectivement 0,35 et 0,81 mg.C.m-2.j-1) et minimales en saison sèche (respectivement 0,18 et 0,43 mg.C.m-2.j-1). Les productivités phytoplanctoniques ont été positivement corrélées aux nitrates (r > 0,8 ; p 0,6 ; p < 0,05), ce qui souligne l\'importance des nutriments dans la productivité du phytoplancton.Photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton in the hydroelectric reservoir of Ayamé I was studied during 6 data acquisition campaigns at two stations (Bakro, Ayamé). The main objective was to monitor spatial and temporal changes in phytoplankton productivity and identifiy potential variables responsible for the changes. Phytoplankton photosynthetic activity was determined in the euphotic layers (0-3m) of the lake. Results show changes in photosynthetic activity with time in the two stations. Maximum concentrations of carbon assimilation were observed during the begining of the rainy season (0.35 and 0.81 mg.C.m-2.j-1 ) and minimum activity during the dry season (0.18 and 0.43 mg.C.m-2.j-1) at Bakro and Ayamé, respectively. The phytoplankton productivities correlated with nitrate (r > 0.8 ; p 0.6 ; p < 0.05) which underscores the importance of nutrients in phytoplankton productivity. Keywords: Activité photosynthétique, phytoplancton, barrage hydroélectrique, Côte d'Ivoire.Agronomie Africaine Vol. 19 (1) 2007: pp. 63-7

Rupture Uterine Par Accident De La Voie Publique: A propos d’un cas.

Un cas de rupture utérine par accident de la voie publique associée à une fracture de l’humérus droit et du bassin est décrit. Les pronostics maternels et foetal sont discutés à la lumière de la revue de la littérature

Hygienic status assessment of dish washing waters, utensils, hands and pieces of money from street food processing sites in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

During investigations on street food vendors’ materials, seventy samples of three types of dish washing water (E1, E2, E3), eighty-five pieces of money, eighty utensils were collected for microbiological assessment. Hands microbiological status of one hundred twenty-five consumers andseventy sellers were also assessed. The analysis revealed that 100% of E1 washing waters were very impure, while, 44.5% of second washing water (E2) were impure, 44.5% very impure and 11% acceptable. 45.45% of E3 washing water were acceptable, 27.27% impure and 27.27% very impure. The spoons and the dinner plates were sometimes contaminated with unacceptable levels (above 102) of different bacteria such as, coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus (P 0.05). Knives microbiological examination revealed presence of numerous bacteria (8.6 x 105 cfu/knife) such as coliforms, S. Aureus, Salmonella and Shigella. Pieces of money analysis revealed presence of coliforms and S. aureus. These data showing pathogen bacteria in food vending sites indicates hygiene monitoring failure

Composition and antimicrobial activities of the leaf and flower essential oils of Lippia chevalieri and Ocimum canum from Burkina Faso

The essential oils of the air dried leaves and flowers of Lippia chevalieri Moldenke and Ocimum canum Sims from Burkina Faso were analysed by GC-MS. Essential oil of the leaves of L. chevalieri is composed mainly of thymol (27.4%), p-cymene (21.1%), and 2-phenyl-ethyl-propionate (12.6%), whilethe oils from flower is composed of b-elemene (33%), ethyl cinnamate (30.3%) and a-amorphene (12.4%). O. canum leaves and flowers oils consisted mainly in 1,8-cineole (60.1%) and cis, transpiperitol (68.5%), respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were evaluated against 9 bacteria by agar diffusion method. The leaves of both plants showed higher activity than their flowers. The leaves of L. chevalieri were active against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria whereas only Gram positive bacteria were sensitive to the essential oil of the O. canum leaves. Flower essential oilsdid not show any significant activity

Performance of innovation platforms in crop-livestock agro-ecosystems of the Volta basin in Burkina Faso

Linear approach to research has had limited success in sub-Saharan Africa and there is need for participatory approach. The CPWF Volta Basin Development Challenge project on integrated management of rainwater in crop-livestock systems (V2) took an overarching innovation platform approach that supports learning and exchange for action research and for scaling up and out of promising best fit rainwater management strategies. Innovation platforms (IP) comprising of multi- stakeholders were established by the project in the project sites in Burkina Faso and Ghana in mid-2011; regular quarterly meetings were organized to identify and prioritize constraints and opportunities to rainwater management in crop-livestock systems and the implementation of strategies to address them. To ensure adequate documentation of IP processes and activities, and for evaluation of the performance of the IPs, monitoring and evaluation tools were developed comprising of register of actors, IP meeting and activity report, and members’ assessment of the IP. The data collected during the IP meetings in the project sites in Ghana was of relatively low quality. Hence, the results reported in this paper were from data collected from IP meetings in Burkina Faso. This paper focused on the assessment of the IP functioning in terms of consistency of participation across meetings and stakeholder groups, relevance/interest of IP issues, participation in decision making, information exchange, facilitation and perceived benefits of IP activities. Results from the assessment of the IPs showed that attendance at the meetings ranged from 24 to 42 participants, of which at least 60% were men. In terms of the groups of the participants, the producers accounted for between 30 and 65% of the total participants at the IP meetings in both locations. Other actors in the IPs included trader, processor, credit agency, technical services, researcher and development agency. All the key stakeholders were consistent in participation at the IP meetings except for credit agency in Koubri. Major activities carried out by the IP in Koubri and Ouahigouya as reported by the members included training, soil and water conservation initiatives, linkage to financial and technical services, supply of agricultural inputs, group marketing particularly of onion, animal management and post-harvest management. From the members’ assessment of IP 1 activities, processes and outputs, gender only had significant effect in the score for participation in decision making where women gave lower score than men. For all the indicators for the IP meetings, the lowest score (2.53±0.16; score was from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest)) was observed for the quality of facilitation in Ouahigouya for the meeting of March 2012 while the highest score (4.90±0.06) was for conflict resolution in the IP in Ouahigouya for the meeting in June 2013. Also, for all the indicators the mean scores tended to increase with the lifespan of the IP, that is the longer the lifespan the higher the scores given by the members for its performance. These results suggest that IP approach is not a ”quick- win” approach. This raises the challenge of maintaining the interest and participation of relevant actors