Stability of 1-D Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes under High Laser Excitations

Through ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy with intense pump pulses and a wide continuum probe, we show that interband exciton peaks in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are extremely stable under high laser excitations. Estimates of the initial densities of excitons from the excitation conditions, combined with recent theoretical calculations of exciton Bohr radii for SWNTs, suggest that their positions do not change at all even near the Mott density. In addition, we found that the presence of lowest-subband excitons broadens all absorption peaks, including those in the second-subband range, which provides a consistent explanation for the complex spectral dependence of pump-probe signals reported for SWNTs.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Possibilities of more efficient usage of genetic potential of broilers breeders

During the last ten years, poultry production in the world and particularly, EU has been specific due to new trends, whereby special attention is focused on regulations and procedures that are adopted by European Union (EU), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the World Trade Organization. Legal regulations in EU (standards, directions) are focused on all species and categories of poultry. Based on this, breeding of broiler (meat-type line strains) and production of hatching eggs and day old chickens (incubation) as well as other issues are the focus of this review. This paper presented results of studies carried out using different technological procedures in the breeding of broiler and production of one day old chickens. These showed a full expression of genetic potential of strains, along with preservation of poultry welfare

Influence of Energy and Protein Level in Lactating Sows Diet on the Mobilization of Reserves from Internal Organs

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of feeding sows in lactation, in diets with different levels of energy and protein to mobilization of reserves from internal organs. The experiment was conducted on 240 sows divided into two groups of 120 sows each, with two sub-groups of 60 sows. Experimental period lasted 65 days, and during the last 30 days of pregnancy and lactation, until weaning. For sows feeding a mixture of the standard composition and the quality, with the 15% crude protein, and 14 to 12 MJ ME / kg and 19% crude protein, and 14 to 12 MJ ME / kg of the mixture were used. Sows were divided into two groups and four subgroups consumed 2.20 and 3.30 kg of food per day. Based on the statistical analysis of the data it can be concluded that the different amounts of feeds with different levels of protein and energy in the diet resulted in the mobilization of the reserves from the internal organs of lactating sows. When we talk about the content of protein in the liver of lactating sows, statistically significant effect (P>0.05) to diets with 15% crude protein (19.04%) and 19% crude protein (19%) was not recorded. The same trend in the content of crude protein in the kidney (14.61 and 14.84%) was also observed, but with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Analysis of variance was established as statistically significant effects (P<0.01) protein content in the diet on protein content in the muscle of the heart muscle (17.59 and 18.71%). Effect of different energy level in mixture used for the diet of lactating sows, the protein content in the liver, kidneys and heart was missing

Production of the Superconducting Matching Quadrupoles for the LHC Insertions

The LHC insertions are equipped with individually powered superconducting quadrupole assemblies comprising several quadrupole magnets and orbit correctors, and range in length from 5.3 m to 11.3 m. Following the initial experience in the assembly of the pre-series cold masses, the production has advanced well and about half of the total of 82 units has been produced at CERN. In this paper we present the experience gained in steering the cold mass production, in particular with respect to the alignment requirements. We also report on the field quality and other measurements made for assuring the quality of the quadrupoles

The influence of population density and duration of breeding on broiler chickens productivity and profitability

Fattening of broiler chickens is a very specific production process characterized by intensive production principles, rapid increase in broilers, small consumption of food/kg of gain (feed conversion ratio) and a large production of broilers&#8217; meat per square meter of surface. In order to increase the profitability of this production, the intention of farmers is to reduce the duration of production as well as to increase population density, with the aim of increasing the production of broiler chickens&#8217; meat,calculated per unit of surface (m2). However, most of the countries in the world, in order to protect and preserve the welfare of poultry, limit the maximum of broilers&#8217; meat production by regulations and standards. These researches aim to determine the optimal density and duration of fattening in a way to achieve the best production results and the profitability of fattening the broiler chickens hybrids Cobb 500 in temperate continental climate, while preserving the welfare of poultry. From six different population densities (16.84, 16.33, 14.29, 12.75, 14.80 and 15.46 birds per m2) and fattening period between 37 and 40 days, the best production and economic performance showed that a group ofchickens that was fattened in a period of 40 days had a population density of about 16 birds per m2. This group of broilers produced the most meat per m2 (about 33 kg), the welfare of poultry is maintained and the standard was not exceeded, so we can say that the best economy and profitability of fattening broiler chickens in the concerned region is achieved. In other groups of chickens, profitability could be more advantageous if the increased population density goes up to 16 birds perm2; or the duration of fattening could be extended up to 40 days and by this way the welfare of poultry would not be violated

Cardiorespiratory fitness in volleyball athletes following a covid-19 infection: A cross-sectional study

Athletes’ lifestyles have been dramatically affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Since COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system and to a lesser degree the cardiovascular system, the goal of this study was to examine the effects of COVID-19-caused detraining on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of recently recovered volleyball athletes. Sixteen experienced volleyball athletes (age 24 ± 4.5 years) who were recently diagnosed and recovered from a COVID-19 infection volunteered to participate in this study and were tested for CRF and spirometry. Given that participants had only mild symptoms of infection, the primary focus of this study was on the effects of detraining on CRF. On average, the time to exhaustion was 9.4 ± 1.4 min. VE, VCO2, RER and oxygen pulse increased, heart rate exceeded 90% of predicted values, and peak VO2 values were typical for this level of athlete (44.1 ± 3.4 mL/kg). Pulmonary function reflected in FVC, FEV1/FVC and MVV values were well above 80% of predicted values for each of the participants while electrocardiography revealed no ischemia, arrythmias or conduction and repolarization abnormalities were found in the tested subjects. Conclusions: participants experienced typical consequences of detraining. Due to a lack of CRF data prior to COVID-19 infection, we were unable to estimate the magnitude detraining had on CRF. Complete CRF assessment after COVID-19 infection in athletes can be useful for screening of residual myocardial and/or respiratory system damage for safe return-to-play decisions

The Construction of the Superconducting Matching Quadrupoles for the LHC Insertions

After several years of effort, the construction of the superconducting matching quadrupoles for the LHC insertions is nearing completion. We retrace the main events of the project from the initial development of the quadrupole magnets of several types to the series production of over 100 complex superconducting magnets, and report on the techniques developed for steering of the production. The main performance parameters for the full series, such as quench training, field quality and magnet geometry are presented. The experience gained in the production of these special superconducting magnets is of considerable value for further development of the LHC insertions

Effects of rapid weight loss on judo athletes: A systematic review

Rapid weight loss (RWL) is commonly practiced among judo athletes. Although it helps them to gain the advantage over their lighter opponents, previous studies have shown that RWL can have a negative impact on the athlete\u2019s performance and overall well-being. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence that examines the influence of rapid weight loss on physiological parameters, biomarkers, and psychological well-being in judo athletes. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. We searched for studies on Web of Science and PubMed that elaborate on the influence of 655% RWL achieved over 647-day period in judokas. Out of 52 studies initially found, 14 studies met our eligibility criteria and were included in the review. In total, we examined data from 1103 judo athletes. Retrieved studies showed conflicting data concerning physiological parameters and biomarkers, while psychological well-being parameters were more consistent than physiological and biomarkers. The feeling of tension, anger, and fatigue significantly increased while a decrease in vigor was demonstrated among athletes who lost weight rapidly. The evidence on the impact of RWL on performance remains ambiguous. More studies under standardized conditions are needed in order to provide firm evidence. Considering the harmful effects of RWL outlined in the existing literature, it is important to determine and monitor athlete\u2019s minimal competitive weight to prioritize the health and safety of the athlete, emphasize fairness, and ultimately benefit the sport