О протеолитической активности субклеточных фракций клеток Chlorella vulgaris штамма С 111 IBCE C-19

Subcellular particles of Chlorella vulgaris C 111 IBCE C-19 were isolated by differential centrifugation in sucrose density gradient. It was stated for the first time, that these particles can cleave casein, gelatin, fibrinogen and hemoglobin at pH 7.4 and 9.0. Using group-specific proteinase inhibitors, a set of serine-, cysteine- and metalloproteinases was identified in this material. However, the detection of this set of proteolytic enzymes is only possible when several different proteins are used as substrates. In some cases, virtually all of the used arsenal of group-specific proteinase inhibitors proved to be little effective. This suggests that these are proteinases of a different nature than those listed above, which requires further perspective research.Установлено, что выделенные методом дифференциального центрифугирования и в градиенте плотности сахарозы субклеточные частицы клетки Chlorella vulgaris штамма С 111 IBCE C-19 способны расщеплять казеин, желатин, фибриноген и гемоглобин при рН 7,4 и 9,0. С использованием группоспецифических ингибиторов протеиназ выявлено присутствие в клетках хлореллы сериновых, цистеиновых и металлопротеиназ. Однако выявление этого набора протеолитических энзимов возможно лишь при использовании в качестве субстратов нескольких разных белков. В отдельных случаях практически весь использованный арсенал группоспецифических ингибиторов протеиназ оказался малоэффективен. Это дает основания полагать, что существуют протеиназы иного плана, чем перечисленные выше, что требует дальнейших исследований в перспективе

Secular Education in Modern Russia

The paper deals with urgent problems of upbringing a new generation of Russian schoolchildren. In the Soviet times the importance of secular (especially ideological) education was never put to doubt. Its methodology and practice were worked out well enough on the basis of Marxist ideology. In the 1990s the Soviet socialist values were rejected and often ridiculed without any adequate substitution. That was a menace to education in general and secular education in particular. Nowadays the system of socialization and its most efficient instrument (mass media) are mostly based on values giving a negative image of Russia. The paper presents a synopsis of the above values, some measures to improve the situation proposed, e.g. working out the Federal Standards of Education and Socialization.Статья посвящена актуальным проблемам воспитания подрастающего поколения российских школьников. В советские времена значимость гражданского (прежде всего идеологического) воспитания не подвергалась сомнению, его методология и практика были хорошо разработаны на основе марксистской идеологии. В начале 1990-х гг. советские социалистические ценности были отвергнуты и осмеяны без адекватной их замены, что поставило под угрозу все воспитание, в том числе гражданское. Сейчас система социализации и ее наиболее эффективный инструмент – средства массовой информации – во многом основаны на ценностях, которые создают отрицательный образ России. В статье дается краткий обзор сложившейся негативной ситуации и предлагается ряд шагов для ее изменения, в частности разработка Государственной программы воспитания и социализации

Origin of blue sapphire in newly discovered spinel–chlorite–muscovite rocks within meta-ultramafites of ilmen mountains, South Urals of Russia: Evidence from mineralogy, geochemistry, RB-SR and Sm-Nd isotopic data

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Blue sapphire of gem quality was recently discovered in spinel–chlorite–muscovite rock within meta-ultramafites near the Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex in the Ilmen Mountains of the South Urals. More than 20 minerals were found in the assemblage with the blue sapphire. These sapphire-bearing rocks are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE (with the negative Eu anomalies) with REE distribution similar to those in miascites (nepheline syenite) of the Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios in the sapphire-bearing rocks varied from 0.7088 ± 0.000004 (2σ) to 0.7106 ± 0.000006 (2σ): epsilon notation εNd is −7.8. The Rb-Sr isochrone age of 289 ± 9 Ma was yielded for the sapphire-bearing rocks and associated muscovite. The blue sapphires are translucent to transparent and they have substantial colorless zones. They occur in a matrix of clinochlore-muscovite as concentric aggregates within spinel-gahnite coronas. Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses showed values with trace elements typical for “metamorphic” blue sapphires, with Ga/Mg 1.5 (when Cr is detectable), and Fe/Ti < 9. Sapphires overlap “metasomatic” at “sapphires in alkali basalts” field on the FeO–Cr 2 O 3 –MgO–V 2 O 3 versus FeO + TiO 2 + Ga 2 O 3 discriminant diagram. The sapphires formed together with the spinel-chlorite-muscovite rock during metasomatism at a contact of orthopyroxenites. Metasomatic fluids were enriched with Al, HSFE, and LILE and genetically linked to the miascite intrusions of Ilmenogorsky complex. The temperature required for the formation of sapphire–spinel–chlorite–muscovite rock was 700–750 ◦ C and a pressure of 1.8–3.5 kbar

Origin of blue sapphire in newly discovered spinel–chlorite–muscovite rocks within meta-ultramafites of ilmen mountains, South Urals of Russia: Evidence from mineralogy, geochemistry, RB-SR and Sm-Nd isotopic data

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Blue sapphire of gem quality was recently discovered in spinel–chlorite–muscovite rock within meta-ultramafites near the Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex in the Ilmen Mountains of the South Urals. More than 20 minerals were found in the assemblage with the blue sapphire. These sapphire-bearing rocks are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE (with the negative Eu anomalies) with REE distribution similar to those in miascites (nepheline syenite) of the Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios in the sapphire-bearing rocks varied from 0.7088 ± 0.000004 (2σ) to 0.7106 ± 0.000006 (2σ): epsilon notation εNd is −7.8. The Rb-Sr isochrone age of 289 ± 9 Ma was yielded for the sapphire-bearing rocks and associated muscovite. The blue sapphires are translucent to transparent and they have substantial colorless zones. They occur in a matrix of clinochlore-muscovite as concentric aggregates within spinel-gahnite coronas. Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses showed values with trace elements typical for “metamorphic” blue sapphires, with Ga/Mg 1.5 (when Cr is detectable), and Fe/Ti < 9. Sapphires overlap “metasomatic” at “sapphires in alkali basalts” field on the FeO–Cr 2 O 3 –MgO–V 2 O 3 versus FeO + TiO 2 + Ga 2 O 3 discriminant diagram. The sapphires formed together with the spinel-chlorite-muscovite rock during metasomatism at a contact of orthopyroxenites. Metasomatic fluids were enriched with Al, HSFE, and LILE and genetically linked to the miascite intrusions of Ilmenogorsky complex. The temperature required for the formation of sapphire–spinel–chlorite–muscovite rock was 700–750 ◦ C and a pressure of 1.8–3.5 kbar