562 research outputs found
Spectral Distortion in a Radially Inhomogeneous Cosmology
The spectral distortion of the cosmic microwave background blackbody spectrum
in a radially inhomogeneous spacetime, designed to exactly reproduce a
LambdaCDM expansion history along the past light cone, is shown to exceed the
upper bound established by COBE-FIRAS by a factor of approximately 3700. This
simple observational test helps uncover a slew of pathological features that
lie hidden inside the past light cone, including a radially contracting phase
at decoupling and, if followed to its logical extreme, a naked singularity at
the radially inhomogeneous Big Bang.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures (added references and clarified discussion; some
numbers revised
Gravitational Wave - Gauge Field Oscillations
Gravitational waves propagating through a stationary gauge field transform
into gauge field waves and back again. When multiple families of flavor-space
locked gauge fields are present, the gravitational and gauge field waves
exhibit novel dynamics. At high frequencies, the system behaves like coupled
oscillators in which the gravitational wave is the central pacemaker. Due to
energy conservation and exchange among the oscillators, the wave amplitudes lie
on a multidimensional sphere, reminiscent of neutrino flavor oscillations. This
phenomenon has implications for cosmological scenarios based on flavor-space
locked gauge fields.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 animation; replacement matches published
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Culture and Sustainability: An Interplay on the New Made in Italy Landscape
The current global interest and urge to propose alternatives to the predominant super-polluting and non-ethical fashion system require major attention to the unconventional fashion production models. Sustainable start-ups are often analysed as both circular systems and devices to re-activate local crafts, pointing toward not only the environmentally-friendly practices but also underlying the need to take better care of people, both as workers and consumers. However, little to no research is dedicated to the assessment of the holistic approach to sustainability of these born-responsible fashion entities. The analysis adopts the Earth Logic Fashion Action Research Plan (2019) framework by Kate Fletcher and Mathilda Tham and critically examines 60 born-sustainable brands in the Italian context. Through the analysis, it will be presented and discussed that born-sustainable does not imply a holistic approach, nor does it guarantee attention to the often-wrongly-separated environmental, social and cultural aspects of the sustainable agency
Simulation of Thermal Surface Waves in a Protoplanetary Disk in a Two-Dimensional Approximation
Theoretical models predict that the obscuration of stellar radiation by
irregularities on the surface of a protoplanetary disk can cause
self-generating waves traveling towards the star. However, this process is
traditionally simulated using the 1+1D approach, the key approximations of
which - vertical hydrostatic equilibrium of the disk and vertical diffusion of
IR radiation - can distort the picture. This article presents a two-dimensional
radiative hydrodynamic model of the evolution of an axially symmetric gas and
dust disk. Within this model, but using simplified assumptions from 1+1D
models, we have reproduced the spontaneous generation and propagation of
thermal surface waves. The key conclusion of our work is that taking into
account two-dimensional hydrodynamics and diffusion of IR radiation suppresses
the spontaneous generation and development of thermal waves observed in the
1+1D approximation. The search for the possibility of the existence of surface
thermal waves should be continued by studying the problem for various
parameters of protoplanetary disks.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy Reports (2022
Effect of long-term operation on energy band bending at the SnO2 microcrystals interfaces in thin tin dioxide films with various catalysts
This work presents the results of investigation of stability of energy band bending at the SnO2 microcrystals interfaces in thin films of tin dioxide with deposited Pt and Pd dispersed layers (Pt/Pd/SnO2:Sb) and with the additions of gold in the bulk and on the surface (Au/SnO2:Sb, Au) in long - term operation. Measurements of energy band bending were showed that the significantly variation of this value is observed in first month of the sensor using. Perhaps this phenomenon is caused by the surface reconstruction during operation of sensors and consequently by the increase of density of oxygen ions chemisorbed on the surface of tin dioxide
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