Age peculiarities of the pro-inflammatory component of cytokine profile in chronic odontogenic infection affected by polymorbid pathology

This study aimed to study the features of pro-inflammatory component of the cytokine profile in chronic odontogenic infection affected by polymorbid patholog

ELIMINATION OF FALSE RESULTS OF MEDICINES MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTING

The validity of medicines microbial quality testing relies on the adequacy of the test procedure employed. The aim of the study was to analyse factors triggering false results during microbial quality testing of non-sterile  medicinal products, as well as to find ways of their elimination.  Materials and methods: the study was focused on non-sterile  medicinal products tested for microbial quality: N-methylglucamine, L-Malic  acid, Xeroform, Fingolimod hydrochloride, Succinic  acid, Streptocide,  Aripiprazole, Doxazosin, Clopidogrel,  Moxonidine, Tilorone,  Mycophenolic acid, Folic acid, Gabapentin, Dutasteride, Imatinib,  Temozolomide. The study involved the use of the following test strains: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus brasiliensis, as well as of reagents and growth media. The methods  used were determination of antimicrobial  activity under conditions of microbial quality testing, and modified in-depth  testing of microbial quality of medicinal products according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 13th edition. Results: the analysis of literature sources helped reveal the main factors causing false results of microbiological  testing and determine  ways of their elimination.  The article sets forth the results of experimental comparison of two ways of sample preparation  for solid formulations: the standard one described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 13th edition, and the one involving the use of a laboratory shaker. The article provides experimental data on specific aspects of elimination of antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and B. cereus and the use of specific inactivators for particular medicinal products. Conclusions: a set of measures aimed at prevention of false-positive and false-negative testing results should include: sterility control of the growth media and reagents used, monitoring  of facilities; control of growth promotion  properties and selectivity of the growth media; selection of adequate incubation  conditions  and inoculation procedure with due regard to the dosage form; justification of the amount of sample, diluents and dilution factor used; consideration  of the antimicrobial activity of a medicinal product

Terahertz generation by means of ZnGeP2 large aperture photoconductive antenna

The generation of terahertz (THz) radiation using a ZnGeP2 (ZGP) large-aperture photoconductive antenna (PCA) was demonstrated. The semiconductors were excited above and below the bandgap (400 and 800 nm) by a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. The THz pulse waveform generated by the ZGP antenna was measured using a time-domain spectroscopy technique. The antenna’s THz pulse energy dependence on the optical pump energy was measured, and saturation fluence and carrier mobility were estimated. The ZGP and a chemical vapor deposited ZnSe-based PCA were compared

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ ЛОЖНЫХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ

The validity of medicines microbial quality testing relies on the adequacy of the test procedure employed. The aim of the study was to analyse factors triggering false results during microbial quality testing of non-sterile  medicinal products, as well as to find ways of their elimination.  Materials and methods: the study was focused on non-sterile  medicinal products tested for microbial quality: N-methylglucamine, L-Malic  acid, Xeroform, Fingolimod hydrochloride, Succinic  acid, Streptocide,  Aripiprazole, Doxazosin, Clopidogrel,  Moxonidine, Tilorone,  Mycophenolic acid, Folic acid, Gabapentin, Dutasteride, Imatinib,  Temozolomide. The study involved the use of the following test strains: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus brasiliensis, as well as of reagents and growth media. The methods  used were determination of antimicrobial  activity under conditions of microbial quality testing, and modified in-depth  testing of microbial quality of medicinal products according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 13th edition. Results: the analysis of literature sources helped reveal the main factors causing false results of microbiological  testing and determine  ways of their elimination.  The article sets forth the results of experimental comparison of two ways of sample preparation  for solid formulations: the standard one described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 13th edition, and the one involving the use of a laboratory shaker. The article provides experimental data on specific aspects of elimination of antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and B. cereus and the use of specific inactivators for particular medicinal products. Conclusions: a set of measures aimed at prevention of false-positive and false-negative testing results should include: sterility control of the growth media and reagents used, monitoring  of facilities; control of growth promotion  properties and selectivity of the growth media; selection of adequate incubation  conditions  and inoculation procedure with due regard to the dosage form; justification of the amount of sample, diluents and dilution factor used; consideration  of the antimicrobial activity of a medicinal product.Достоверность результатов определения микробиологической чистоты лекарственных средств невозможна без доказательства пригодности используемой методики  испытания. Цель работы: изучение факторов, влияющих  на получение ложных результатов  исследования микробиологической чистоты  нестерильных  лекарственных средств,  и определение путей их устранения. Материалы и методы: объектами исследования были нестерильные лекарственные средства, предварительно исследованные на микробиологическую чистоту: N-метилглюкамин; L-яблочная кислота; ксероформ; финголимода гидрохлорид; янтарная кислота; стрептоцид; арипипразол; доксазозин; клопидогрел; моксонидин; тилорон; микофеноловая кислота;  фолиевая  кислота;  габапентин; дутастерид; иматиниб; темозоломид.  Для исследований использовали тест-штаммы Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus brasiliensis, реактивы, питательные среды и методы — определения антимикробного действия  в условиях испытания микробиологической чистоты,  модифицированный глубинный  метод определения микробиологической чистоты  ЛС в соответствии с требованиями Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации XIII изд. Результаты: на основании анализа данных литературы  выявлены  основные  причины возникновения ложных результатов  микробиологических испытаний и выбраны  пути их предотвращения. Представлены результаты  экспериментального сравнения двух вариантов  пробоподготовки  твердых лекарственных форм:  стандартного  по Государственной фармакопее Российской Федерации XIII изд. и с использованием встряхивателя лабораторного. Экспериментально обоснованы особенности устранения антимикробного действия  в отношении B. subtilis и B. cereus и использования специфических инактиваторов для отдельных лекарственных средств. Выводы: система мероприятий по предотвращению ложноположительных и ложноотрицательных результатов исследования должна включать: контроль  стерильности используемых  питательных  сред, реактивов, мониторинг помещений; контроль ростовых свойств и селективности питательных сред; выбор подходящих условий инкубации и методики посева с учетом лекарственной формы препарата; обоснование используемого количества образца, растворителя  и фактора разведения; учет антимикробного действия лекарственного средства

Антимикробная активность препаратов прополиса при проведении экспертизы качества лекарственных средств

The present article describes the analysis of the results of pharmaceutical expert evaluation of propolis preparations, performed in the laboratory of microbiology of the FSBI «SCEMP» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the period of 2006-2014 in terms of «Antimicrobial activity». During the mention period 43 batches of medicinal products were analyzed, a significant part o which were solid domestic drugs (93%). Experimentally determined the effect of individual factors, such as the type of microorganism, the concentration and choice of nutrient medium, on the result of the analysis for this terms.Представлен анализ результатов фармацевтической экспертизы качества препаратов прополиса, проведенной в лаборатории микробиологии ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России в период 2006-2014 гг. по показателю «Антимикробная активность». За указанный период проанализировано 43 серии лекарственных средств, значительную часть из которых составили препараты отечественного производства (93%). Экспериментально определено влияние отдельных факторов, таких как вид микроорганизма, его концентрация и выбор питательной среды, на результат анализа по данному показателю

Chronic endometritis and infertility — in vitro fertilization outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. The relevance of the problem is related to the high prevalence of chronic endometritis (CE); its role in female infertility, implantation failures during assisted reproductive technology procedures, and recurrent miscarriage; as well as the lack of a unified strategy in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The present systematic review with a meta-analysis focuses on evaluating the impact of CE and its therapy on the outcome of in vitro fertilization. In addition, the effect of CE of various severity on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies is analyzed. Objective. To analyze the effect of CE of varying severity and its treatment on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization. Methods. Using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, ELibrary, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry, and Russian Science Citation Index, a systematic search was conducted for articles published over the past 12 years that met the following criteria: randomized controlled trial examining the effect of CE of varying severity on fertility and ways to treat it. The following indicators were calculated: ongoing pregnancy/live birth, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage rates. A total of 4145 patients (from ten studies) were included. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). The heterogeneity was considered low at I2 <30%, moderate at 30–50%, and high at >50%. Results. Women with CE exhibited lower ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OR 1.97; p = 0.02) and clinical pregnancy rates (OR 2.28; p = 0.002) as compared to women without it. CE treatment increased the ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OR 5.33; p < 0.0001) and clinical pregnancy rates (OR 3.64; p = 0.0001). In vitro fertilization outcomes were comparable in women treated for CE and women without CE (ongoing pregnancy/live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate: p = ns). Women with severe CE exhibited lower ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OR 0.43; p = 0.003) and clinical pregnancy rates (OR 0.40; p = 0.0007). Mild CE showed no significant effect on in vitro fertilization outcomes (ongoing pregnancy/ live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate: p = ns). Conclusion. The conducted meta-analysis showed that CE significantly reduces the ongoing pregnancy/live birth and clinical pregnancy rates in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Noteworthy is that antimicrobial therapy in such patients improves the results of assisted reproductive technologies, which are comparable to those of patients without CE. The negative impact of this pathology on the implantation capacity of the endometrium is most often observed in the severe form, while its mild form has virtually no effect on the in vitro fertilization outcome

ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ СРЕДСТВА, СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ЗМЕИНЫЙ ЯД: ИСТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ, НОМЕНКЛАТУРА, ОЦЕНКА ПОДЛИННОСТИ

The article presents general data on the chemical composition and properties of snake venoms, as well as the history of their use in medical practice. It considers the differences characteristic of the venom of snakes belonging to different systematic groups. It demonstrates that venoms remain a valuable source of new medicines. The article compares existing methods of venom analysis (immunological, chromatographic, electrophoretic, mass spectrometric). Particular attention is paid to specific metho-dological aspects of identification testing depending on the object and purpose of the analysis. The article also compares different modifications of the precipitation reaction. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods. The affordability and simplicity of immunological methods accounts for their wide use in the analysis of poisons in biological media which helps to determine the cause of poisoning. While greater informativeness of instrumental methods makes them a perfect toll for detailed examination of poison composition during poisons research and comparison. The authors of the article performed  a retrospective analysis of data obtained in identification testing of snake venoms during the period from 2006 to 2017. It has been established that manufacturer specifications for individual medicinal products in some cases do not contain instructions on the use of a specific type of precipitation reaction or the description of test procedures. It was concluded that some modifications should be made to the existing method, the choice of conditions for sample preparation should be considered, or alternative methods for identification of snake venoms in medicinal products should be developed.Представлены общие данные о химическом составе, свойствах ядов змей и истории их применения в медицинской практике. Рассмотрены отличия, характеризующие яд змей той или иной систематической группы. Отмечено, что яды продолжают оставаться ценным источником новых лекарств. Проведено сравнение существующих методов анализа ядов (иммунологического, хроматографического, электрофоретического, масс-спектрометрического). Особое внимание уделено методическим особенностям определения их подлинности в зависимости от объекта и цели анализа. Выполнено сравнение различных модификаций реакции преципитации между собой. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки существующих методов. Показано, что иммунологические методы ввиду своей доступности и простоты исполнения чаще всего применяются при анализе ядов в биологических средах для диагностики источника отравления. А инструментальные методы благодаря большей информативности незаменимы для детальных исследований состава ядов при их изучении и сравнении. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных, полученных при испытании подлинности змеиных ядов за период с 2006 по 2017 г. Установлено, что нормативная документация на отдельные лекарственные средства в ряде случаев не содержит указаний на использование конкретного вида реакции преципитации или описание методик. Сделан вывод о целесообразности модификации существующего метода, выбора условий пробоподготовки или разработки альтернативных методов для определения подлинности змеиных ядов, входящих в состав лекарственных средств

Intraspecific Differentiation of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Strains Using Multilocus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

The aim of the study was to develop a method for intraspecific differentiation of the tularemia microbe: subspecies tularensis (subpopulations AI and AII), holarctica (biovars japonica, EryS/R), mediasiatica, and novicida using multilocus real-time PCR. Materials and methods. We used 48 strains of F. tularensis of various subspecies, biovars, and subpopulations. Intraspecific appurtenance of the strains was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the RD-1 region variability applying PCR, the sdhA gene by Sanger fragment sequencing and by the disk diffusion method using disks with erythromycin. The selection of primers and probes was performed using the software available at www.genscript.com and GeneRunner 6.5.52. Sequence homology was assessed using the BLAST algorithm and the GenBank NCBI database. Results and discussion. New data on the structure and occurrence of the differentiation regions RD-8, RD-12, RD-28 of FTT1122c gene and its homologous sequences in strains of tularemia microbe of various subspecies have been obtained. Novel RDhm 346 bp in size, characteristic of strains of the subsp. mediasiatica, holarctica, which is deleted in subsp. tularensis and absent in subsp. novicida has been detected. Based on the detection of the FTT1670, FTT1122с, FTT1067, FTW_2084 loci, a multilocus real-time PCR has been developed – “F. tularensis 4c”, providing for identification of all subspecies of the tularemia microbe, separately for the biovar japonica of the Holarctic subspecies and subpopulations AI, AII of the subspecies tularensis. The PCR specificity was confirmed in the study of strains of tularemia microbe from the fund of the “State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria” at the premises of the Russian Reserarch Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”. The results obtained expand the concept of intraspecific genetic heterogeneity of tularemia microbe and possibilities of identifying the causative agent of tularemia using molecular-genetic methods. They are important for understanding the processes of adaptation of the pathogen to circulation in the host organism and environmental objects, the course of evolution and formation of new species of Francisella

Переработка сырья торфяного месторождения Славное

The estimation of the resources and qualitative content of the raw materials of Slavnoe peat deposit, which is reserved by the government for biothermochemical proceeding, has been conducted. The potential directions of the complex use of raw materials are grounded based on the conducted complex of the research of organic and mineral, group and botanical contents, technological characteristics and the peat funds of Slavnoe deposit. Activated carbon, oil sorbent and concentrated microfertilizer are suggested as the main types of the products of the deep complex processing of the peat studied.Произведена оценка ресурсов и качественного состава сырья торфяного месторождения Славное, зарезервированного государством для биотермохимической переработки. На основании проведенного комплекса исследований органоминерального, группового и ботанического составов, технологических характеристик и запасов торфа месторождения Славное обоснованы возможные направления комплексного использования сырья. В качестве основных видов продукции глубокой комплексной переработки исследованного торфа предложены: активированный уголь, нефтесорбент и концентрированное микроудобрение