HPV tipizacija kao program probira za prevenciju i rano otkrivanje raka grlića maternice u različitim crnogorskim regijama

The objective of our research was to compare the results of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing and occurrence of the most important risk factors for cervical cancer obtained in the towns of northern, central and southern regions of Montenegro, in subjects between 30 and 35 years of age, in accordance with the new screening program introduced by the Ministry of Health of Montenegro in 2018. The study included 400 patients aged 30-35 years from Rožaje, Berane, Budva and Podgorica, 100 from each town, who underwent HPV typing in accordance with the latest screening program for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer, approved by the Ministry of Health of Montenegro in 2018. The material was obtained and sampled at the Health Clinics in Rožaje, Berane, Podgorica and Budva. Specially designed brushes were used to take swabs from the cervices, which were then sampled in separate collection tubes that contained a liquid transport medium. The samples were then sent for further analysis to the Institute of Public Health of Montenegro where HPV typing was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The results were encrypted and obtained electronically. The data obtained from the questionnaires each subject filled out in accordance with this program were analyzed and the subjects willingly agreed to partake in the screening program. Nearly one-quarter of subjects had a positive HPV finding. The group of HPV positive women included significantly more women from Podgorica (χ2-test=26.455, p<0.001), women with very good living conditions (χ2-test=12.264, p<0.001), women who smoked cigarettes (χ2 test=5.074, p=0.024), women who had the first sexual intercourse between the ages of 17 and 20 (χ2-test=5.874, p=0.015), and women who did not have permanent partners (χ2-test=6.061, p=0.014). Among the observed socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors of our subjects that proved to be non-significant variables in their HPV statuses we excluded the length of smoking habit (χ2 test=0.638, p=0.424) and protected sexual intercourse (χ2-test=2.628, p=0.105). By implementing the screening program and HPV typing, we came to a conclusion that the problem of cervical cancer could be solved or at least mitigated by raising awareness of the causes and incidence of cervical cancer, as well as by being well informed on its curability, predictability and protection during intercourse, which would contribute to positive changes.Cilj našega istraživanja bio je usporediti rezultate tipizacije humanog papilomavirusa (HPV) i zastupljenosti najvažnijih čimbenika rizika za oboljele od raka grlića maternice između gradova sjevernog, centralnog i južnog područja Crne Gore u populaciji žena u dobi od 30-35 godina, predviđene novim programom probira koji je Ministarstvo zdravlja Crne Gore uvelo 2018. godine. Studijom su obuhvaćene bolesnice iz Rožaja, Berana, Budve i Podgorice, ukupno njih 400 (po 100 iz svakog grada) kod kojih je provedena HPV tipizacija predviđena najnovijim programom probira za rano otkrivanje i prevenciju raka grlića maternice Ministarstva zdravlja Crne Gore u 2018. godini. Materijal je uzorkovan u ambulantama Domova zdravlja u Rožajama, Beranama, Podgorici i Budvi. Specijalnim četkicama se uzima bris s grlića maternice, a zatim uzorkuje u posebnoj epruveti s podlogom i šalje na analizu u Institut za javno zdravlje Crne Gore gdje se radi HPV tipizacija metodom RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). Rezultati su se dobivali elektronički i šifrirani. Svim ispitanicama su se uzeli i analizirali podaci iz anketnog upitnika koji je sastavljen kao dio ovoga programa, a ispitanice su dobrovoljno pristale na program probira. Gotovo jedna četvrtina ispitanica je imala pozitivan nalaz HPV. U skupini žena pozitivnih na HPV bilo je značajno više žena iz Podgorice (χ2-test=26,455, p<0,001), žena koje imaju vrlo dobre uvjete života (χ2-test=12,264, p<0,001), žena koje puše cigarete (χ2-test=5,074, p=0,024), žena koje su imale prvi seksualni odnos u dobi od 17-20 godina (χ2-test=5,874, p=0,015) i žena koje nemaju stalne partnere (χ2-test=6,061, p=0,014). Promatrajući sociodemografske karakteristike i seksualno ponašanje ispitanica prema HPV statusu kao varijable koje nisu pokazale značajnost izdvojile su se pušački staž (χ2- test=0,638, p=0,424) i žaštićen seksualni odnos (χ2-test=2,628, p=0,105). Provođenjem programa probira i HPV tipizacije dolazimo do zaključka da bi se problem mogao riješiti ili barem ublažiti podizanjem svijesti o uzrocima i učestalosti raka grlića maternice kao i informiranosti o izlječivosti, predvidljivosti i seksualnoj zaštiti, što bi doprinijelo pozitivnim promjenama

DETECTION OF PLANAR POINTS FOR BUILDING EXTRACTION FROM LIDAR DATA BASED ON DIFFERENTIAL MORPHOLOGICAL AND ATTRIBUTE PROFILES

This paper considers a new method for building-extraction from LiDAR data. This method uses multi-scale levelling schema or MSLS-segmentation based on differential morphological profiles for removing non-building points from LiDAR data during the data denoising step. A new morphological algorithm is proposed for the detection of flat regions and obtaining a set of building-candidates. This binarisation step is made by using differential attribute profiles based on the sum of the second-order morphological gradients. Any distinction between flat and rough surfaces is achieved by area-opening, as applied within each attribute-zone. Thus, the detection of the flat regions is essentially based on the average gradient contained within a region, whilst avoiding subtractive filtering rule. Finally, the shapes of the flat-regions are considered during the building-recognition step. A binary shape-compactness attribute opening is used for this purpose. The efficiency of the proposed method was demonstrated on three test LiDAR datasets containing buildings of different sizes, shapes, and structures. As shown by the experiments, the average quality of the buildings-extraction was more than 95 %, with 96 % correctness, and 98 % completeness. In terms of quality, this method is comparable with TerraScan&#0174;, but both methods significantly differ when comparing correctness and completeness of the results

Therapeutic modalities of twin to twin transfusion syndrome

Twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTTS) accounts for approximately 10% of monochorionic twin pregnancies and, if left untreated, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. A net transfusion of blood flow from one fetus (donor twin) to the other (recipient twin) via placental vascular anastomoses has been supposed as the major etiology of TTTTS. The donor twin becomes hypovolemic and oliguria, oligohydramnios, and a variable degree of growth restriction develop, whereas the recipient twin manifests polyuria, polyhydramnios, and hydrops in response to hypervolemia. TTTTS can be treated by either serial amniocentesis or selective fetoscopic laser coagulation of the communicating vessels. The rationale for removal of large volumes of amniotic fluid is to prevent preterm delivery secondary to polyhydramnios and to improve fetal circulation by reducing pressure on the chorionic plate. On the other hand, the goal of laser therapy is to occlude vascular anastomoses, thereby interrupting intertwin blood exchange. Although laser treatment is associated with increased survival rate and reduced neurologic complications, compared with amnioreduction, it requires highly specialized centers, whereas serial amniocentesis has the advantage of being performed worldwide. Therefore, the optimal treatment for pregnancies complicated with TTTTS is still controversial

Properties and aromatic profile of dry-fermented sausages produced from Krškopolje pigs reared under organic and conventional rearing regime

Krškopolje pig, the only Slovenian autochtonous breed is still relatively untapped, with almost no information available on the effect of rearing conditions or its aptitude for processing and meat product quality. In the present study, dry-fermented sausages were produced from Krškopolje pigs that were fed similar diets (with regard to ingredients, energy and protein content) but reared in either conventional (CON) or organic conditions (ECO). Sausage weight losses at the end of processing were recorded and their final pH, chemical composition (moisture, fat and protein content, proteolysis index, fat and protein oxidation, fatty acid and free fatty acid profile) were determined in addition to measurements of instrumental texture, sensory evaluation and volatile profile analysis. Compared with CON, ECO dry-fermented sausages had lower processing losses, lower pH, higher moisture, salt and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content, less saturated fat and less free fatty acids. Volatile profile analysis showed that ECO dry-fermented sausages exhibited higher concentrations of compounds arising from lipid autooxidation and lower levels of volatile compounds resulting from microbial lipid β-oxidation, amino acid degradation and spices. Panellists perceived ECO dry-fermented sausages as saltier and less colour intensive, while both rheological and sensory analysis indicated that ECO sausages had softer texture than CON. The present results indicate that rearing of Krškopolje pigs according to organic standards induced differences in meat and fat properties which affected the quality of dry-fermented sausages, most distinctly in terms of softer texture and different volatile profile.The research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634476 (Project acronym TREASURE). The content of this paper reflects only the authors’ view and Research Executive Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Authors also acknowledge the financial support of the Slovenian Research Agency (grants P4-0133 and V4-1417) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (V4-1417), from AGL2015-64673-R (MINEICO, Spain) and FEDER funds.Peer reviewe

Effect of high dietary fat content on heat production and lipid and protein deposition in growing immunocastrated male pigs

In immunocastrated (IC) pigs, revaccination (V2) increases lipid deposition (LD) because of increased voluntary feed intake; but little is known on associated effect of diet composition on partitioning of nutrients in IC pigs. Digestibility measurements, N and energy balances in respiration chambers were performed in two subsequent stages in four replicates of two male littermates to determine the changes between 85 (stage 1) and 135 (stage 2) kg live weight due to combined effect of IC, growth and increased feed intake (IC/growth). During stage 1, pigs received a standard low-fat diet (LF diet; 2.5% dry matter (DM) of fat fed at 2.27 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW0.60 per day), whereas during stage 2, feed intake was increased to 2.47 MJ ME/kg BW0.60 per day and one littermate was fed LF diet whereas the second received a fat-enriched diet (HF diet; 8.9% DM of fat) to determine the effect of increased dietary fat content on energy utilization in IC pigs. Results from N balance and measurements of gas exchanges were used to calculate respiratory quotient (RQ), heat production (HP), nutrient contribution to fat retention, components of HP, protein deposition (PD) and LD. Nutrients and energy apparent digestibility coefficients, methane losses and N retention (P<0.05) increased with IC/growth. Despite higher ME intake, total HP remained similar (1365 kJ/kg of BW0.60 per day; P=0.47) with IC/growth. Consequently, total retained energy (RE) increased with IC/growth (from 916 to 1078 kJ/kg of BW0.60 per day; P<0.01) with a higher fat retention (625 to 807 kJ/kg BW0.60 per day; P<0.01), originating mainly from carbohydrates associated with a higher lipogenesis (536 to 746 kJ/kg BW0.60 per day; P<0.01) and RQ (1.095 to 1.145; P<0.01). Both PD (from 178 to 217 g/day; P=0.02) and LD (from 227 to 384 g/day; P<0.01) increased due to IC/growth. Feeding HF diet after IC was associated with increased crude fat digestibility (P<0.01) and increased RE as fat (807 to 914 kJ/kg BW0.60 per day; P=0.03), originating mainly from dietary fat (P<0.01) and resulting in increased LD (384 to 435 g/day; P<0.01) and lower RQ (from 1.145 to 1.073; P<0.01). Altogether, present results indicate that increased fatness of IC pigs is a result of increased daily LD caused by higher energy intake and lower basal metabolic rate. In addition, LD is further enhanced by dietary energy enrichment with fat after V2