Os outros, quem somos? Formação de professores indígenas e identidades interculturais The others, who we are? Training indigenous teachers and intercultural identities

O trabalho pretende fornecer subsídios críticos à educação escolar indígena no Brasil, centrando-se no aprofundamento do tema do currículo intercultural e a formação de professores indígenas. Para isso, contextualiza a história de projetos de responsabilidade de organizações não governamentais dedicadas, no Brasil nos finais do século XX, à construção de propostas curriculares para o magistério e as escolas indígenas, com visível repercussão nas políticas públicas oficiais. Aborda especialmente alguns desafios teórico-metodológicos que nesses processos estão sendo enfrentados pelos educadores não índios ao desenharem e desenvolverem os currículos interculturais, com suas inevitáveis implicações sobre a representação das identidades sociais e o uso das línguas indígenas e do português de professores e de alunos indígenas.<br>The paper intends to give critical information about the indigenous education in Brazil, with its focus to the subject of intercultural curriculum and the Indians Teachers Training Courses. For that, it describes the history of some projects under the responsibility of non governmental organisations that were working, by the end of the XX century, for the construction of the Indians Curriculum, with visible repercussion in the actual official public politics. It approaches, specially, theoretical and methodological challenges that spring about for the non-indian educators in these processes, concerning the curriculum planing and development, along with the unavoidable implications over the social identities representations of the indians teachers and their students, and the use of Indians and Portuguese Languages

School histories in Amazonia : Education and schooling in Apurinã lands

Peer reviewe

The Munich MIDY Pig Biobank - A unique resource for studying organ crosstalk in diabetes.

Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated complications is steadily increasing. As a resource for studying systemic consequences of chronic insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia, we established a comprehensive biobank of long-term diabetic INS C94Y transgenic pigs, a model of mutant INS gene-induced diabetes of youth (MIDY), and of wild-type (WT) littermates. Methods: Female MIDY pigs (n = 4) were maintained with suboptimal insulin treatment for 2 years, together with female WT littermates (n = 5). Plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels were regularly determined using specific immunoassays. In addition, clinical chemical, targeted metabolomics, and lipidomics analyses were performed. At age 2 years, all pigs were euthanized, necropsied, and a broad spectrum of tissues was taken by systematic uniform random sampling procedures. Total beta cell volume was determined by stereological methods. A pilot proteome analysis of pancreas, liver, and kidney cortex was performed by label free proteomics. Results: MIDY pigs had elevated fasting plasma glucose and fructosamine concentrations, C-peptide levels that decreased with age and were undetectable at 2 years, and an 82% reduced total beta cell volume compared to WT. Plasma glucagon and beta hydroxybutyrate levels of MIDY pigs were chronically elevated, reflecting hallmarks of poorly controlled diabetes in humans. In total, &sim;1900 samples of different body fluids (blood, serum, plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid) as well as &sim;17,000 samples from &sim;50 different tissues and organs were preserved to facilitate a plethora of morphological and molecular analyses. Principal component analyses of plasma targeted metabolomics and lipidomics data and of proteome profiles from pancreas, liver, and kidney cortex clearly separated MIDY and WT samples. Conclusions: The broad spectrum of well-defined biosamples in the Munich MIDY Pig Biobank that will be available to the scientific community provides a unique resource for systematic studies of organ crosstalk in diabetes in a multi-organ, multi-omics dimension