Development of General Purpose Liquid Chromatography Simulator for the Exploration of Novel Liquid Chromatographic Strategies

The method development process in liquid chromatography (LC) involves optimization of a variety of method parameters including stationary phase chemistry, column temperature, initial and final mobile phase compositions, and gradient time when gradient mobile phases are used. Here, a general simulation program to predict the results (i.e., retention time, peak width and peak shape) of LC separations, with the ability to study various complex chromatographic conditions is described. The simulation program is based on the Craig distribution model where the column is divided into discrete distance (Δz) and time (Δt) segments in a grid and is based on parameterization with either the linear solvent strength or Neue-Kuss models for chromatographic retention. This algorithm is relatively simple to understand and produces results that agree well with closed form theory when available. The set of simulation programs allows for the use of any eluent composition profile (linear and nonlinear), any column temperature, any stationary phase composition (constant or non-constant), and any composition and shape of the injected sample profile. The latter addition to our program is particularly useful in characterizing the solvent mismatch effect in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC), in which there is a mismatch between the first dimension (1D) effluent and second dimension (2D) initial mobile phase composition. This solvent mismatch causes peak distortion and broadening. The use of simulations can provide a better understanding of this phenomenon and a guide for the method development for 2D-LC. Another development that is proposed to have a great impact on the enhancement of 2D-LC methods is the use of continuous stationary phase gradients. When using rapid mobile phase gradients in the second dimension separation with diode array detection (DAD), refractive index changes cause large backgrounds such as an injection ridge (from solvent mismatch) and sloping baselines which can be problematic for achieving accurate quantitation. Use of a stationary phase gradient may enable the use of an isocratic mobile phase in the 2D, thus minimizing these background signals. Finally, our simulator can be used as an educational tool. Unlike commercially available simulators, our program can capture the evolution of the chromatogram in the form of movies and/or snapshots of the analyte distribution over time and/or distance to facilitate a better understanding of the separation process under complicated circumstances. We plan to make this simulation program publically available to all chromatographers and educators to aid in more efficient method development and chromatographic training

Analisis Rasio Profitabilitas Untuk Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan Pada Bank Bumn Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2010-2014

Financial level assessment of a company can be done by analyzing the company's financial statements . to determine whether the company's financial condition in the condition that baikdapat performed with various analyzes , one of which is a ratio analysis.purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of the bank bumn the period 2010-2014 in the review of the profitability ratio analysis . the method used is descriptive analysis using a measurement of profitability ratios of return on assets , return on equity , net interest margin and operating expenses . Data and information were obtained from branches pekanbaru Indonesia stock exchange located on the street generals sudirman no, 73.From the results of data analysis using ratio analysis profitability can be concluded that the ratio of Return on Assets , Return on Equity and Net interst margin on state-owned bank has fluctuated and as a whole can be categorized as good , while operational costs in state-owned banks has fluctuated for each bank and in the category of bad

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Menggunakan Du Pont System (Studi Kasus pada PT. Buana Finance Tbk, PT. Bfi Finance Indonesia Tbk dan PT. Clipan Finance Tbk yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2011-2014)

Financial performance evaluation of activities is very important for the company. Methods used to measure the financial performance of any of them is a Du Pont System. Du Pont System is Methode for measuring financial performance involving some of the ratio,there are the ratio of profitability and the ratio of activity. The purpose of this research to know the company financial PT. Buana Finance Tbk, PT. BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk and PT. Clipan Finance Tbk by using Du Pont System method in trend analysis. The result showed that the performance of PT. Buana Finance Tbk, seen in ROE and ROI tended to decline during the period 2009-2013.But PT. BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk and PT. Clipan Finance Tbk experience fluctuation. ROE who fluctuating is caused by several things , among them is inefficiency in the total cost increases and not balanced with the EAT , NPM that fluctuating for five years. Infesiensi also occurred in total assets , which increased by that is not balanced with the value of sales , resulting in TATO fluctuative. Companies should make improvements at the level of sales and total assets, also do efficiency in expense and debt.Keyword: Trend Analysis, Net Profit Margin (NPM), Total Assets Turn Over (TATO), Return On Investment (ROI), Return On Equity (ROE

Pengaruh Struktur Modal Dan Kebijakan Hutang Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Tekstil Dan Garmen Periode 2010-2014 Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The company has a long-term goal to maximize shareholder wealth. Maximizing shareholder wealth can be achieved by maximizing the present value. This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure and debt policy on the value of companies in textile and garment manufacturing enterprises in the period 2010-2014 in the Indonesia Stock Exchange partially or simultaneously. In the study population of 18 companies. And the sample in this research is as many as 8 companies. Method of determining the sample by purposive sampling method, with various criteria that have been determined. Sources of research data used are secondary data, the type of data in this study that is quantitative data. Technique of collecting data that is using method of library and method of documentation. The research used multiple linier regression analysis technique.The result of research on X1 variable is capital structure with DER & DAR indicator, while variable X2 is debt policy with DER indicator and company value with indicator of PBV. Partially variable x1 (capital structure DER & DAR) have an effect on firm value (PBV). Then on variable X2 (DER Policy)have a significant effect on firm value (PBV). While the simultaneous capital structure (DER & DAR) and Debt Policy (DER) have a significant effect on firm value (PBV)

The Migration-Kinship Nexus: Mobilising Kinship During fragmented Afghan and Iraqi journeys to European Union Countries

Peer reviewe

A Fragment-Based Approach for the Development of G-Quadruplex Ligands: Role of the Amidoxime Moiety

G-quadruplex (G4) nucleic acid structures have been reported to be involved in several human pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases; however, G4 targeting compounds still need implementation in terms of drug-like properties and selectivity in order to reach the clinical use. So far, G4 ligands have been mainly identified through high-throughput screening methods or design of molecules with pre-set features. Here, we describe the development of new heterocyclic ligands through a fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) approach. The ligands were designed against the major G4 present in the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter region of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), the stabilization of which has been shown to suppress viral gene expression and replication. Our method is based on the generation of molecular fragment small libraries, screened against the target to further elaborate them into lead compounds. We screened 150 small molecules, composed by structurally and chemically different fragments, selected from commercially available and in-house compounds; synthetic elaboration yielded several G4 ligands and two final G4 binders, both embedding an amidoxime moiety; one of these two compounds showed preferential binding for the HIV-1 LTR G4. This work presents the discovery of a novel potential pharmacophore and highlights the possibility to apply a fragment-based approach to develop G4 ligands with unexpected chemical features

Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Bokashi Melalui Pemberian Cangkang Telur, Abu Dapur, Dan Urine Sapi Serta Penerapannya Dalam Budidaya Sawi Secara Organik

Increasing Quality of Bokashi by Apply Eggshell Powder, Ash, and Cow Urine and Application in Cultivation of Organic Mustard Green. The research aimed to know quality of bokashi added eggshell powder, ash, and cow urine to plant productivity.The research used Completely Randomized Block Design consisting of eight treatments were bokashi (B0), bokashi added eggshell powder (B1), bokashi added ash (B2), bokashi added cow urine (B3), bokashi added eggshell powder and ash (B4), bokashi added eggshell powder and cow urine (B5), bokashi added ash and cow urine (B6), and bokashi added eggshell powder, ash, and cow urine. The data was anayzed by using Analysis of Variance and Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) at 5%. The result showed that bokashi without nutrient increasing matter have 0,49% amount of N plant tissue, if bokashi added eggshell powder or ash the amount of N plant tissue 0,51%. Bokashi added cow urine significant to increasing wet plant weigh amount 24,49%. Bokashi added ash, bokashi added eggshell powder and cow urine, bokashi added ash and cow urine, significant to increasing wet plant weigh each 20,22%, 26,04%, and 26,80%. Dry plant weigh signicant increasing amount 30% and 32,22% if bokashi added eggshell powder and bokashi added ash

Eksistensi Pasar Malam (Studi Kasus Pasar Malam Bayang Ohana di Kota Pekanabaru)

This thesis is submitted in order to qualify holds a Bachelor of Sociology. With the title "Night Market in Pekanbaru Existence". The problem addressed in this paper is to describe the shadow Ohana Night Market Profile and how to market strategy in maintaining keeksitensian night shadow night market Ohana, as well as visitors to the night market perception when viewed in terms of the game subjects were owners Night Market as well as key informant visitors night market research accindental using techniques that capture the subject at random. Researchers took the informant as many as 10 people a night market visitors, because researchers considered 10 informants visitors are able to represent other visitors. The method used is a qualitative method. Data were collected by means of observation, interviews, documents, as well as primary data and secondary data. The theory used for the existence of problems in pekanbaru night market is Max Webers theory of social action theory that particular action instrumentasl Rationality ( zweckrationalitas ). Results of research conducted in general it can be said that the existence of the author funfair can survive because workers have a night market strategy in the face of weather disturbance problems, natural disasters or accidents games, visitors quiet, dead or damaged generators, in addition to seasonal school adaptation strategies, strategies to attract visitors also done in a way to fool visitors that are interested in games, as well as the removal or turnover strategy that is not enough. Therefore the aim of this strategy is done in order to survive the night market despite obstacles. According to the theory of gambling is a night market that contain gambling game, but from the perception, 7 more visitors bracelets like throwing game, throwing cans , rolling ball, and the game Bolling. 3 While visitors do not like and do not want to try the game, which contained the element of gambling.Keyword: Eksistensi, Socio-economic, Survival Strategies (Adaptation Strategi

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Kebijakan Hutang, dan Kebijakan Dividen terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of Firm Size, Debt Policy, and Dividend Policy on Corporate Value in Manufacturing Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The ratio used to measure firm size as independent variable is Natural Logarithm of Total Asset and Natural Logarithm and Total Sales. The ratio used to measure debt policy is Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Debt to Total Asset Ratio (DAR), while the ratio used to measure dividend policy is Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Meanwhile, the ratio used to measure Company Value is Price Book Value (PBV) and Price Earning Ratio (PER). The method used to observe the effect of corporate measurement, debt policy, and dividend policy on firm value is by using multiple linear regression.Data used in this research are secondary data, financial report and annual report annual report. The data listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 3 years from 2012 to 2014. Sampling is done by purposive sampling, which is used is 16 companies. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis, t test, f test and coefficient of determination test. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 21.The result of the analysis shows that firm size variable does not affect the value of manufacture company of research sample that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The debt policy variable does not affect the value of the manufacturing company of the research sample listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and the dividend policy variable does not affect the value of the manufacturing company of the research sample listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The result of simultaneous research shows that there is no influence from firm size variable, debt policy, and dividend policy on the value of manufacturing company of research sample listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)