First cadaver dissection: Stress, preparation, and emotional experience

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the psychological preparation and stress of medical students associated with their first cadaver dissection class, covering the head and neck region.Materials and methodsProspective evaluation of a group of 58 second-year medical students.ResultsParticipants experienced this first dissection class with little stress, with no significant gender difference. Men, however, felt better prepared than the women did. The smell and sight of the cadaver's face were their main concerns.DiscussionThe students were evaluated with STAI questionnaires and visual analog scales just before, immediately after, and one month after their first dissection experience. This is the first time this scheme has been used. Students suggested several improvements for advance preparation, most of them inexpensive in terms of human and material resources. The low stress caused by dissection is probably influenced by the fact that student participation is voluntary.ConclusionAlthough they felt that they were relatively unprepared from a psychological perspective, the vast majority of students felt ready to participate in the dissections and had a very good perception of this experience

Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation in children in otolaryngology

SummaryIntroductionObstructive diseases of the upper airways are common in children and sometimes difficult to manage. Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) consists of delivering continuous positive pressure during all or part of the respiratory cycle via a non-invasive interface (face mask or nasal mask, or nasal prongs). NPPV is the treatment of choice for severe obstructive sleep apnoea in children and should be considered prior to tracheotomy and is also indicated in the case of persistent sleep-disordered breathing following surgical treatment, a frequent situation in children with a malformation of the head and neck or upper airways.DiscussionA simple ventilator, able to deliver continuous positive airway pressure, is sufficient is most cases in otolaryngology. The interface represents the major technical limitation of NPPV, especially in infants for whom no appropriate commercial interface is available. A sleep study before and after initiation of NPPV, followed by regular follow-up examinations, is essential to confirm correction of gas exchanges and sleep quality in response to NPPV.ConclusionFinally, NPPV must be performed in a specialized paediatric centre with specific expertise in this field

First Report of Grapefruit Rot Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. karsti in France

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French Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SFORL) guidelines concerning the role of otorhinolaryngologists in the management of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: Follow-up protocol for treated children

International audienceOBJECTIVES: The authors present the French Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SFORL) clinical practice guidelines concerning the role of otorhinolaryngologists in the management of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). This chapter is devoted to the follow-up protocol for children treated for OSAS. METHODS: A multidisciplinary task force was commissioned to carry out a review of the scientific literature on this topic. On the basis of the articles selected and the personal experience of each member of the task force, guidelines were drafted and graded as A, B or C or expert opinion according to a decreasing level of scientific evidence, and were then reviewed by a reading committee, independently of the task force. The final guidelines were established at a consensus meeting. RESULTS: Short-term, medium-term and long-term clinical follow-up and complementary investigations are necessary in view of the risk of residual OSAS, and the risk of recurrence of OSAS related to adenoid and tonsillar regrowth following adenotonsillectomy, the treatment most commonly performed. The modalities of follow-up after surgery, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation, orthodontic treatment, myofascial rehabilitation, and drug therapy are described. The indications for nasal endoscopy and sleep studies as part of follow-up are specified

Questionnements éthiques en ORL pendant la pandémie COVID-19 : étude qualitative de témoignages

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