A problem of the study and regeneration of small rivers on Tatarstan territory

© SGEM2017 All Right Reserved. The numerous cases of the upper headwaters drying are observed in the plains of the Middle Volga region. The reasons of the streamflow change pertain to the reduction of forest vegetation and the change of its species composition. More than 1000 cartographic materials for more than 200 years, as well as aerial and satellite imagery were used during the research of forest vegetation breadth. Currently, the forest and the forest-field landscapes prevail in the north of Tatarstan, where coniferous-deciduous forests are widespread. The forest-fields, as well as the field landscapes are common in the west and south of Tatarstan, where deciduous forests and forest-steppe are prevalent. In the field landscapes the water runoff in the flood time increases to 65% of the total annual runoff, while the monthly summer runoff of low water reduces by 2.5 times compared to forest landscapes. The studies have shown that over the past about140 years the quantity of the first-order watercourses has reduced by 1.5 times in the area of mixed forests, whilst in the forest-steppe zone the quantity of the first-order watercourses has decreased by nearly 2.7 times. At the same time woodland in different regions of Tatarstan has decreased by 1.6-2.8 times for the same period of time. Low of the forest cover (17.9%), as well as the species composition of forests, in which the coniferous species as the most valuable for the infiltration does not exceed 24% from the forest area, are characterized for of Tatarstan territory. Coniferous plantations by more than half are presented the unstable monocultures of pine

The role of vegetation in conservation of small rivers in the Middle Volga

© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. The numerous cases of the upper headwaters drying are observed in the plains of the Middle Volga region. The reasons of the streamflow change pertain to the reduction of forest vegetation and the change of its species composition. The studies have shown that over the past 120 years the quantity of the first-order watercourses has reduced by 1.5 times in the areas of coniferous and mixed forests, whilst in the forest-steppe zone the quantity of the first-order watercourses has decreased by nearly 2.5 times

Buried soils in the floodplains of small rivers of Middle Volga

Synchronization processes of soil formation and deposition of alluvium brought to the flood plain with affluent and flood waters are characteristic for floodplain soils. In the presence of natural terrains in the watersheds warpage is gradually processed in soil-forming process, layering of sediment disappears and good humus soil is formed in floodplain. In the floodplains of small rivers of different terrain zones of the Middle Volga the age of three buried hydromorphic soils is determined by radiocarbon method. This allowed to determine the periods of stabilization and strengthening of the accumulation of floodplain alluvial during the last seven thousand years. Formation of the lower buried soil at the depth of 3.5 m (age about 6800 years) coincides with Atlantic period - the Holocene climatic optimum. The development of the second layer of buried soil (with the age of three-four thousand years), which is located at a depth of 1.8 m from the day surface, is at the end of the Holocene subboreal period. The uppermost buried soil, the age of which is about 1200-2400 years was developed in Sub-Atlantic period of the Holocene. In the past 30-600 years, there was an intensive accumulation of alluvium and the formation of warpage on top of the buried soil, largely due to human activities. As a result of anthropogenic changes in basins of small rivers accumulation of material on the floodplain increased, and at the same time the rate of soil formation started to lag behind the rate of accumulation

Modern Japanese paintings (Yoga) and Cultural Interaction Studies -The artworks of Kanokogi, Yorozu, Maeta, and painters following the French Salon de Mai group of artists-

Since the Edo era, among the collections of modern Japanese art, "Yoga", or oil paintings followed Chinese culture and paintings，but subsequent new developments in "Yoga" were achieved during the Meiji era by gradually stepping out of the traditional ways of Chinese painting. This article presents a new aspect of cultural interaction studies in Japanese modern "Yoga" by considering the works of Japanese artists such as Kanokogi Takeshiro, Yorozu Tetsugoro, Maeta Kanji, and those who were greatly influenced by the French group of artists called the "Salon de Mai". The painters discussed in this article were active in the Meiji, Taisho, and early Showa eras as well as the period immediately after the 2nd World War. The characteristics of their painting are analyzed in order to examine a new category of studies of cultural interaction on Japanese art history through an introduction of artistic modification and interaction with Western culture. The artworks of Japanese painters who appreciated artistic skills in Western-style art and culture are discussed, but this article places a particular emphasis on how modern Japanese "Yoga" has been evaluated in the history of Japanese art.文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点東アジアの言語と表

Development of classification thinking in future teachers: Technologies of reflective discussion

© Authors.The main objective of the research is to create and approbate a new way of reflection formation in future teachers, which would increase the level of classifying thinking to the theoretical one. The "Formation of equivalence groups" technique was modified to conduct the experiment. It was carried out both individually and in collaborative discussions in pairs which involved justification. This made it possible to reveal the degree of the reflection conformity to the norms of scientific thinking in solving classification problems, the main obstacles to the application of these norms and ways to overcome them. Results. As a result the ways of reflection were identified. The experiment resulted in the identification of two ways of substantiating solutions to classification tasks and processes of reflection: reflexive and pseudo-reflexive. The typology of pseudo-reflexive assessments is presented. Evaluation of an intuitively correct solution to a task anticipates a cogent justification of the reflexive process. Underdeveloped reflexive processes can limit the capacity of adults for scientific classification thinking. Existing methods of logic classes study at a higher school context do not provide well-developed scientific theoretical knowledge. Existing methods do not provide its scientific-theoretical level. Reflexive processes corresponding to this type of thinking are to be developed in a classification logic norms study. A wider use of specific sign means will provide an effective differentiation of reflexive and pseudo-reflexive forms. The development and enhancement of reflexive processes in relation to the assessment of educational outcomes can be undertaken with the help of formalized tools. Presented in the article technology of pseudo reflexive forms diagnostics and technology of reflection initiation based on the logic of classes promotes the rise of classification thinking to the theoretical level. The proposed type of tasks is not connected with the content of a certain scientific discipline and can be applied at different levels of education

Influence of agricultural development and climate changes on the drainage valley density of the southern half of the Russian Plain

© 2016 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation / the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion ResearchThe southern half of the Russian Plain is characterized by a relatively short history of intensively ploughed lands. The duration varies from approximately three centuries in the southern part of the forest zone to less than one century in some parts of the steppe zone. It was found that after cultivation, on more than 40% of lands in river basins the drainage valley density (Ddv) decreased by 15–58% in all landscape zones. In the first stage, the Ddv decrease was mostly associated with increasing surface runoff coefficient after cultivation of virgin lands with proportional decreases in groundwater runoff. In the second stage, usually after reaching areas of arable lands in river basins >60%, the volume of eroded sediments entering small river channels exceeded the transport capacities of the permanent watercourses. As a result, the river channels completely silted. In later stages, the sediment redistribution cascade within the small river basins of the Russian Plain stabilized because of the increasing proportion of sediment eroded from the basin areas and re-deposited before entering the river channels because of the increasing area of sediment sinks due to the increase in dry valley lengths and total areas. The morphological parameters of small valleys and groundwater discharges are the key parameters that affect the intensity of small river aggradation on the regional scale

Synthesis and bioactivity of new analogue of Bicyclic 1-Azafagomine

New (S)-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl)methanol was synthesized by Lewis acid catalyzed and self-assembled Diels-Alder (LACASA-DA) cycloaddition reaction using (S)-BINOL as a chiral inductor. The N-2 pyridazine position was protected, the hydroxyl group was carbonylated to form the new bicyclic structure. The protective group was removed and the double bond was dihydroxylated leading to the target compound. Removal of the protective group was performed using a newly found ecofriendly catalyst for N-Boc deprotection. The final iminosugar derivative 7 and all newly synthesized intermediates, were investigated against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria and were found to show promising activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.- (undefined

Обеспечение чистоты и здоровья посевов льна при обработке новыми пестицидами

Plant protection measures in flax cultivation should provide sufficiently clean from weeds, healthy sowings, forming the crop of necessary quality level, corresponding to economic and ecological criteria of modern agrotechnologies. The work aims to find promising herbicidal and protectivestimulating agents for providing cleanness from weeds and the health of flax crops when treating them with new pesticides, contributing to increasing the yield and quality of flax products. According to the classical methodology of scientific agronomy, the main experiments were carried out in the fields of FSBSI Federal Scientific Centre for Bast Crop, Flax Research Institute in the Tver region. As a result of experiments in 2018-2020, the herbicide Shanti and its mixture with Shanstrel 300 showed relatively high biological efficacy in protecting flax against dicotyledonous weeds. Furthermore, the addition of graminicides Haloshans or Cletoshans, growth regulator Artafit or fungicide Zimoshans to anti-wort herbicides did not reduce the effectiveness of the drug mixtures on dicotyledonous weeds and eliminated cereal weeds in crops. Additionally, Artafit and Zimoshans effectively protected flax from pasmo and other diseases, naturally increasing the yield of flax products. Its maximum values in the experiment were obtained in the variant of Artafit application together with herbicides. The use of Artafit had a positive effect on the quality of flax straw, increased it by 1-2 grades (from 2.00 to 2.50).Меры защиты растений при возделывании льна должны обеспечивать в достаточной степени чистые от сорняков, здоровые посевы, формирующие урожай культуры необходимого уровня качества, соответствующего экономическим и экологическим критериям современных агротехнологий. Цель работы – поиск перспективных гербицидных и защитно-стимулирующих средств для обеспечения чистоты от сорняков и здоровья посевов льна при обработке их новыми пестицидами, способствующими повышению урожайности и качества льнопродукции. Основные эксперименты по классической методике научной агрономии выполнены на полях ФГБНУ ФНЦ ЛК ОП НИИ льна в Тверской области. В результате проведения опытов в 2018–2020 гг. гербицид Шансти и его смесь с препаратом Шанстрел 300 продемонстрировали относительно высокую биологическую эффективность защиты льна от двудольных сорняков. Добавка к противодвудольным гербицидам граминицидов Галошанс или Клетошанс, регулятора роста Артафит или фунгицида Зимошанс не снизила эффективности действия смесей препаратов на двудольные сорняки и уничтожила в посевах злаковые сорняки. Дополнительно Артафит и Зимошанс эффективно защищали лен от пасмо и других болезней, закономерно повышая урожайность льнопродукции. Ее максимальные в опыте показатели получены в варианте применения Артафита совместно с гербицидами. Применение препарата Артафит оказало положительное влияние на качество льносоломы – повысило его на 1–2 сортономера (с 2,00 до 2,50)