Examining the effect of cyber twin and blockchain technologies for industrial applications using AI

In current generation the concept of cyber twin technology has been emerging as an improved platform for different applications. This paper emphasize on examining the effect of cyber twin technology for manufacturing equipment in Industry 4.0 applications by solving three different elementary objectives. For the proposed conception a new system model is identified for integrating triobjective cases with artificial intelligence algorithm. In addition, high security measures are also incorporated using blockchain technology which is one basic requirement for industrial applications for creating real twins. Both system model and algorithm have been combined for providing effective performance in real time using a physical entity. The effectiveness of the proposed model is tested with sensor prototype and simulated with four scenarios where the projected model provides better performance for more than 72% when compared with existing methodologies

Pre-treatment of Malaysian agricultural wastes toward biofuel production

Various renewable energy technologies are under considerable interest due to the projected depletion of our primary sources of energy and global warming associated with their utilizations. One of the alternatives under focus is renewable fuels produced from agricultural wastes. Malaysia, being one of the largest producers of palm oil, generates abundant agricultural wastes such as fibers, shells, fronds, and trunks with the potential to be converted to biofuels. However, prior to conversion of these materials to useful products, pre-treatment of biomass is essential as it influences the energy utilization in the conversion process and feedstock quality. This chapter focuses on pre-treatment technology of palm-based agriculture waste prior to conversion to solid, liquid, and gas fuel. Pre-treatment methods can be classified into physical, thermal, biological, and chemicals or any combination of these methods. Selecting the most suitable pre-treatment method could be very challenging due to complexities of biomass properties. Physical treatment involves grinding and sieving of biomass into various particle sizes whereas thermal treatment consists of pyrolysis and torrefaction processes. Additionally biological and chemical treatment using enzymes and chemicals to derive lignin from biomass are also discussed