Piezoelectric Properties of Ta (≤ 5 (mole)%) Doped in Na0.685K0.315NbO3

To explore the piezoelectric potential of Ta doping on the MPB- like composition Na0.685K0.315NbO3, ceramic pellets of Na0.685K0.315Nb1-yTayO3 (y ≤ 0.05) were arranged by solid-state reaction method. For piezoelectric measurements, sintered pellets were electroded, in parallel capacitor configuration, with silver coating deposited by direct current (dc) magnetron sputtering of a silver target. Polarization and piezoelectric parameters were measured using a ferroelectric (PE- loop tracer) and piezo- meter (AixACCT Systems, GmbH). Composition (y) variation of remnant polarization, coercive field, converse piezoelectric coefficient (d*33), and polarization current measurements were carried out in the prepared compositions. The remnant polarization (Pr) is 18.439 μC/cm2 with a coercive field (Ec) of 8 kV/cm for NKNT single crystals. d*33 was observed 300.76 pm/V for y = 0.04 at the applied field of 22kV/cm

Electrical Properties of lead free ceremics Na1−XKxNbO3, at x=0.305.

By solid state reaction method, ceramic pellets of Na0.695K0.305NbO3 have been prepared. X-ray- diffraction, Piezo properties, scanning electron microscope, and temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss tangent of the prepared samples have been studied. It has been observed that, at the transition temperature, dielectric constant peak shifts to lower temperature, and the dielectric constant and loss tangent peak heights decrease, with  increasing frequency, and show three structural phase transitions

Dielectric properties of Na1−xKxNbO3, near x = 0.475 morphotropic phase region

11-17Sodium-potassium niobate (Na1−xKxNbO3) ceramic pellets, with x = 0.465, 0.470, 0.475, 0.480 and 0.485, were prepared by solid state reaction method with double sintering. With varying composition (x), the dielectric properties, X-ray diffraction peaks shifting pattern, in this system. Among the prepared compositions, a break in the X-ray diffraction peaks shifting tendency; minimum dielectric constant, loss tangent and dielectric conductivity indicate a morphotropic phase transition type behavior, at the composition with x = 0.475

Electrical Properties of lead free ceremics Na1−XKxNbO3, at x=0.305.

783-786By solid state reaction method, ceramic pellets of Na0.695K0.305NbO3 have been prepared. X-ray- diffraction, Piezo properties, scanning electron microscope, and temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss tangent of the prepared samples have been studied. It has been observed that, at the transition temperature, dielectric constant peak shifts to lower temperature, and the dielectric constant and loss tangent peak heights decrease, with increasing frequency, and show three structural phase transitions

Corn Starch Incorporated Gomatofu: Textural and Sensory Quality

Gomatofu is a traditional Japanese food and is one of the mixed gels consisting of kudzu (arrowroot) starch and sesame. In this study, an attempt has been made to replace the kudzu starch with corn starch. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology was used to optimize the level of independent variables viz., sesame oil (1.5-3.5g/100 ml sesame milk), corn starch (90–110g/100g defatted sesame flour) and water content (330-350 ml/100g defatted sesame flour). Five responses, i.e. hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and overall acceptability were evaluated. Hardness of gomatofu ranged between 0.85 to 3.62 N, springiness, 0.45 -1.82 mm, gumminess 0.26 -2.48 N and chewiness from 0.16 to 4.52 Nmm. Overall acceptability of gomatofu samples ranged between 5.3- 8.5. The effect of all the independent factors was significant on all the responses. Both oil and water content inversely correlated with all the responses while, the effect of corn starch was positive. The interaction effect of oil and corn starch was positive on hardness and overall acceptability, while negative on springiness, gumminess and chewiness. The optimized formulation contained sesame oil 2.2 ml/100 ml sesame milk, corn starch 99.9 g/100g defatted sesame flour and water 1001.3 ml/ 100g defatted sesame flour. Corn starch incorporated optimized gomatofu had protein 7.5, fat 10.9, ash 1.1 and carbohydrate 80.53 % (db)

Achievements of agricultural biotechnology: An initiative to double the farmer’s income through cutting edge technology

The population of the world is increasing nearly exponentially over time. To feed this population following the environment conservation protocol, it is essential to enhance the agricultural productivity even in the synchronizing agrarian land use pattern. To enhance the quality and productivity in agriculture sector, introducing the cutting edge technology is need of the hour.From ancient times, traditional approaches like selective breeding, adoption of agronomic management practices and application of indigenous technical knowledge have been used to attain resilience against various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, these traditional approaches are not sufficient to tackle the increasing repercussions of climate change and feed quality food to the expanding population. Therefore, in order to address these issues of climate change, population explosion and malnutrition, biotechnological interventions can be a promising approach. In the past, biotechnology based approaches have given successful products like Herbicide-resistant Soybean, Pusa Basmati 1, Bt Cotton, Bt Brinjal, Flavr-Savr tomato, a therapeutically significant product of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Panax ginseng. Besides that many more need based products are in pipeline which is under scrutiny of regulatory bodies, policymakers and environmentalists. It is profoundly expected that in the coming day’s agricultural biotechnology applications will bring revolutionary changes to existing agricultural scenario. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the achievement of agricultural biotechnology that is assisting to enhance the agricultural produce to double the income of farmers. However, this much is not enough; hence full utilization of all the sustainable agricultural biotechnological tools must come into the existence that definitely will boost the agricultural productivity

Bio-hardening of in-vitro raised plants of Bhagwa pomegranate (Punica granatum)

A pot culture experiment on bio-hardening of the in-vitro raised plants of Bhagwa pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was conducted to find out the effect of two commercially available bio-formulations containing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Aspergillus niger strain AN-27. Observations on root colonization, population dynamics of microbes in rhizospheric soil, growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of biohardened plants were recorded at 180 days after inoculation. Results revealed that AMF colonization in roots of in-vitro raised pomegranate plants was found at par in plants inoculated with AMF (71.12%) and AMF + Asp (65.00%) the root colonization in these two treatments was significantly higher than Contral (10.00%). Population of Aspergillus niger in the rhizospheric soil was found significantly higher in soil inoculated with Aspergillus niger strain AN-27 (6 × 104 cfu/g of soil) as compared to non-inoculated control (2 × 104 cfu/g of soil). Significant improvement in plant height (27.0% increase), shoot fresh weight (24.8% increase), root fresh (23.3% increase) and dry weight (15.7% increase) was observed in bio-hardened plants than untreated ones. Physiological processes were also significantly improved by bio-hardening as AMF and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly better RWC (92.34 and 91.74 %, respectively) and photosynthesis (12.69 and 12.78 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) as compared to control (87.76 % and 9.07 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) and only Asp treated plants (89.99% and 9.70 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively). AMF inoculated and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly higher total leaf chlorophyll (2.97 and 3.14 mg/g fresh weight, respectively) and total phenolic content (53.00 and 52.50 mg catechol equivalent/ 100 g fresh wt., respectively) than the control and only Asp treated plants

Piezoelectric Properties of Ta (≤ 5 (mole)%) Doped in Na_0.685K_0.315NbO₃

740-743To explore the piezoelectric potential of Ta doping on the MPB- like composition Na0.685K0.315NbO3, ceramic pellets of Na0.685K0.315Nb1-yTayO3 (y ≤ 0.05) were arranged by solid-state reaction method. For piezoelectric measurements, sintered pellets were electroded, in parallel capacitor configuration, with silver coating deposited by direct current (dc) magnetron sputtering of a silver target. Polarization and piezoelectric parameters were measured using a ferroelectric (PE- loop tracer) and piezo- meter (AixACCT Systems, GmbH). Composition (y) variation of remnant polarization, coercive field, converse piezoelectric coefficient (d*33), and polarization current measurements were carried out in the prepared compositions. The remnant polarization (Pr) is 18.439 μC/cm2 with a coercive field (Ec) of 8 kV/cm for NKNT single crystals. d*33 was observed 300.76 pm/V for y = 0.04 at the applied field of 22kV/cm