The White-Eyed Blowout fracture in the child: beware of distractions

Inferior ‘trapdoor’ orbital floor fractures with muscle and soft tissue incarceration are the most common type of orbital fracture in children. Delays to treatment can lead to a significant morbidity. It has been recommended that children who present with a ‘white-eyed blowout’ fracture should have surgery performed within 48 h of diagnosis, otherwise prognosis is poor. A 14-year-old boy was initially misdiagnosed with a head injury due to the minor appearance of his orbital injury and his presenting complaint of nausea and vomiting. This resulted in a significant delay to surgery. The oculovagal reflex associated with orbital injuries is well documented (Wei and Durairaj in Pediatric orbital floor fractures. J AAPOS 2011;15:173–80). It should be considered by emergency department and paediatric staff when dealing with patients who have sustained a blow to the orbital region, despite not having a subconjunctival haemorrhage. The importance of examination to detect other features of orbital blow-out and entrapment are stressed

Resolution of Diplopia after thirty three years

A 54-year-old male sustained a fractured right orbital floor 33 years ago, which was treated with a silastic implant. His diplopia never resolved, and he presented to us with an acute orbital cellulitis. Computerized tomography showed a displaced inferior rectus and entrapment of both inferior and medial recti. The implant was removed surgically via a Caldwell– Luc approach and his diplopia completely resolved after 33 years

High mobility titanium-doped indium oxide for use in tandem solar cells deposited via pulsed DC magnetron sputtering

© 2014 The Authors. The effects of pulsed DC (PDC) magnetron sputtering on the crystalline structure of the high mobility transparent conducting oxide (TCO), titanium-doped indium oxide (ITiO), are investigated. High mobility (μ >100 V-1s-1cm2) ITiO films are deposited by PDC magnetron sputtering and compared to RF deposited films using optimized conditions. These high mobility ITiO films have shown to extend the transmission in the NIR region compared to typical TCOs, such as ITO, exhibiting their potential in a tandem or multiple junction solar cell application. ITiO films deposited by PDC magnetron sputtering offer an increased deposition rate without a significant reduction in mobility when compared to RF sputtering, thus potentially offering PDC as a preferred industrial choice over RF sputtering. Structural characterization of the ITiO films prepared by PDC show a change in crystalline orientation and crystallite shape when compared to RF films, measured by XRD and SEM, which have been linked with the electrical parameters of the TCO

Nationwide randomised trial evaluating elective neck dissection for early stage oral cancer (SEND study) with meta-analysis and concurrent real-world cohort

BACKGROUND: Guidelines remain unclear over whether patients with early stage oral cancer without overt neck disease benefit from upfront elective neck dissection (END), particularly those with the smallest tumours. // METHODS: We conducted a randomised trial of patients with stage T1/T2 N0 disease, who had their mouth tumour resected either with or without END. Data were also collected from a concurrent cohort of patients who had their preferred surgery. Endpoints included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). We conducted a meta-analysis of all six randomised trials. // RESULTS: Two hundred fifty randomised and 346 observational cohort patients were studied (27 hospitals). Occult neck disease was found in 19.1% (T1) and 34.7% (T2) patients respectively. Five-year intention-to-treat hazard ratios (HR) were: OS HR = 0.71 (p = 0.18), and DFS HR = 0.66 (p = 0.04). Corresponding per-protocol results were: OS HR = 0.59 (p = 0.054), and DFS HR = 0.56 (p = 0.007). END was effective for small tumours. END patients experienced more facial/neck nerve damage; QoL was largely unaffected. The observational cohort supported the randomised findings. The meta-analysis produced HR OS 0.64 and DFS 0.54 (p < 0.001). // CONCLUSION: SEND and the cumulative evidence show that within a generalisable setting oral cancer patients who have an upfront END have a lower risk of death/recurrence, even with small tumours. // CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NIHR UK Clinical Research Network database ID number: UKCRN 2069 (registered on 17/02/2006), ISCRTN number: 65018995, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00571883

Modernization and Its Discontents

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67022/2/10.1177_000276427702100208.pd

Global microRNA expression profiles in insulin target tissues in a spontaneous rat model of type 2 diabetes

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: MicroRNAs regulate a broad range of biological mechanisms. To investigate the relationship between microRNA expression and type 2 diabetes, we compared global microRNA expression in insulin target tissues from three inbred rat strains that differ in diabetes susceptibility. METHODS: Using microarrays, we measured the expression of 283 microRNAs in adipose, liver and muscle tissue from hyperglycaemic (Goto-Kakizaki), intermediate glycaemic (Wistar Kyoto) and normoglycaemic (Brown Norway) rats (n = 5 for each strain). Expression was compared across strains and validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, microRNA expression variation in adipose tissue was investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to hyperglycaemic conditions. RESULTS: We found 29 significantly differentiated microRNAs (p(adjusted) &lt; 0.05): nine in adipose tissue, 18 in liver and two in muscle. Of these, five microRNAs had expression patterns that correlated with the strain-specific glycaemic phenotype. MiR-222 (p(adjusted) = 0.0005) and miR-27a (p(adjusted) = 0.006) were upregulated in adipose tissue; miR-195 (p(adjusted) = 0.006) and miR-103 (p(adjusted) = 0.04) were upregulated in liver; and miR-10b (p(adjusted) = 0.004) was downregulated in muscle. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to increased glucose concentration upregulated the expression of miR-222 (p = 0.008), miR-27a (p = 0.02) and the previously reported miR-29a (p = 0.02). Predicted target genes of these differentially expressed microRNAs are involved in pathways relevant to type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: The expression patterns of miR-222, miR-27a, miR-195, miR-103 and miR-10b varied with hyperglycaemia, suggesting a role for these microRNAs in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, as modelled by the Gyoto-Kakizaki rat. We observed similar patterns of expression of miR-222, miR-27a and miR-29a in adipocytes as a response to increased glucose levels, which supports our hypothesis that altered expression of microRNAs accompanies primary events related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

Strange reading: Keith Windschuttle on race, Asia and White Australia

In his recently published book, The White Australia Policy, Keith Windschuttle accuses academic historians of errors of fact and judgement in their accounts of white Australia. This article examines these claims of exaggeration and distortion with particular reference to the nature and meaning of race, racism and representations of Asia in Australian history. The article rejects Winschuttle\u27s sweeping claim that academic historians have sought to make Australia appear a much more racist society than the historical record would suggest.<br /

Grandidierite and pseudomorphs of high quartz in \u27\u27nanogranite\u27\u27 and \u27\u27felsite inclusion\u27\u27 enclosed in garnet in granulite of the Highland Complex, central Sri Lanka

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OG] 地圏11月16日（月）　国立極地研究所３階セミナー