130 research outputs found
Energy Density in Expanding Universes as Seen by Unruh's Detector
We consider the response of an Unruh detector to scalar fields in an
expanding space-time. When combining transition elements of the scalar field
Hamiltonian with the interaction operator of detector and field, one finds at
second order in time-dependent perturbation theory a transition amplitude,
which actually dominates in the ultraviolet over the first order contribution.
In particular, the detector response faithfully reproduces the particle number
implied by the stress-energy of a minimally coupled scalar field, which is
inversely proportional to the energy of a scalar mode. This finding disagrees
with the contention that in de Sitter space, the response of the detector drops
exponentially with particle energy and therefore indicates a thermal spectrum.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur
Lamb Shift of Unruh Detector Levels
We argue that the energy levels of an Unruh detector experience an effect
similar to the Lamb shift in Quantum Electrodynamics. As a consequence, the
spectrum of energy levels in a curved background is different from that in flat
space. As examples, we consider a detector in an expanding Universe and in
Rindler space, and for the latter case we suggest a new expression for the
local virtual energy density seen by an accelerated observer. In the
ultraviolet domain, that is when the space between the energy levels is larger
than the Hubble rate or the acceleration of the detector, the Lamb shift
quantitatively dominates over the thermal response rate.Comment: 20 page
Baryogenesis from the amplification of vacuum fluctuations during inflation
We propose that the baryon asymmetry of the Universe may originate from the
amplification of quantum fluctuations of a light complex scalar field during
inflation. CP-violation is sourced by complex mass terms, which are smaller
than the Hubble rate, as well as non-standard kinetic terms. We find that, when
assuming 60 e-folds of inflation, an asymmetry in accordance with observation
can result for models where the energy scale of inflation is of the order of
10^16 GeV. Lower scales may be achieved when assuming substantially larger
amounts of e-folds.Comment: 18 page
Unruh response functions for scalar fields in de Sitter space
We calculate the response functions of a freely falling Unruh detector in de
Sitter space coupled to scalar fields of different coupling to the curvature,
including the minimally coupled massless case. Although the responses differ
strongly in the infrared as a consequence of the amplification of superhorizon
modes, the energy levels of the detector are thermally populated.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication by Classical and Quantum
Gravit
Self-consistent solitons for vacuum decay in radiatively generated potentials
We use a Green’s function approach in order to develop a method for calculating the tunneling rate between radiatively generated nondegenerate vacua. We apply this to a model that exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, where we determine the self-consistent tunneling configuration and illustrate the impact of gradient effects that arise from accounting for the underlying space-time inhomogeneity
Right-handed Sneutrinos as Nonthermal Dark Matter
When the minimal supersymmetric standard model is augmented by three
right-handed neutrino superfields, one generically predicts that the neutrinos
acquire Majorana masses. We postulate that all supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking
masses as well as the Majorana masses of the right-handed neutrinos are around
the electroweak scale and, motivated by the smallness of neutrino masses,
assume that the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is an almost-pure
right-handed sneutrino. We discuss the conditions under which this LSP is a
successful dark matter candidate. In general, such an LSP has to be nonthermal
in order not to overclose the universe, and we find the conditions under which
this is indeed the case by comparing the Hubble expansion rate with the rates
of the relevant thermalizing processes, including self-annihilation and
co-annihilation with other SUSY and standard model particles.Comment: 17 pages v.2: References adde
Textures and Semi-Local Strings in SUSY Hybrid Inflation
Global topological defects may account for the large cold spot observed in
the Cosmic Microwave Background. We explore possibilities of constructing
models of supersymmetric F-term hybrid inflation, where the waterfall fields
are globally SU(2)-symmetric. In contrast to the case where SU(2) is gauged,
there arise Goldstone bosons and additional moduli, which are lifted only by
masses of soft-supersymmetry breaking scale. The model predicts the existence
of global textures, which can become semi-local strings if the waterfall fields
are gauged under U(1)_X. Gravitino overproduction can be avoided if reheating
proceeds via the light SU(2)-modes or right-handed sneutrinos. For values of
the inflaton- waterfall coupling >=10^-4, the symmetry breaking scale imposed
by normalisation of the power spectrum generated from inflation coincides with
the energy scale required to explain the most prominent of the cold spots. In
this case, the spectrum of density fluctuations is close to scale-invariant
which can be reconciled with measurements of the power spectrum by the
inclusion of the sub-dominant component due to the topological defects.Comment: 29 page
Accelerated detectors in Dirac vacuum: the effects of horizon fluctuations
We consider an Unruh-DeWitt detector interacting with a massless Dirac field.
Assuming that the detector is moving along an hyperbolic trajectory, we modeled
the effects of fluctuations in the event horizon using a Dirac equation with
random coefficients. First, we develop the perturbation theory for the
fermionic field in a random media. Further we evaluate corrections due to the
randomness in the response function associated to different model detectors.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur
D-term inflation in non-minimal supergravity
D-term inflation is one of the most interesting and versatile models of
inflation. It is possible to implement naturally D-term inflation within high
energy physics, as for example SUSY GUTs, SUGRA, or string theories. D-term
inflation avoids the -problem, while in its standard form it always ends
with the formation of cosmic strings. Given the recent three-year WMAP data on
the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies, we examine whether
D-term inflation can be successfully implemented in non-minimal supergravity
theories. We show that for all our choices of K\"ahler potential, there exists
a parameter space for which the predictions of D-term inflation are in
agreement with the measurements. The cosmic string contribution on the measured
temperature anisotropies is always dominant, unless the superpotential coupling
constant is fine tuned; a result already obtained for D-term inflation within
minimal supergravity. In conclusion, cosmic strings and their r\^ole in the
angular power spectrum cannot be easily hidden by just considering a non-flat
K\"ahler geometry.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures; minor changes to match publihed versio
Resonant decay of flat directions
We study preheating, i.e., non-perturbative resonant decay, of flat direction
fields, concentrating on MSSM flat directions and the right handed sneutrino.
The difference between inflaton preheating and flaton preheating, is that the
potential is more constraint in the latter case. The effects of a complex
driving field, quartic couplings in the potential, and the presence of a
thermal bath are important and cannot be neglected.
Preheating of MSSM flat directions is typically delayed due to out-of-phase
oscillations of the real and imaginary components and may be preceded by
perturbative decay or -ball formation. Particle production due to the
violation of adiabaticity is expected to be inefficient due to back reaction
effects. For a small initial sneutrino VEV, with
the mass of the right handed sneutrino and a yakawa coupling, there are
tachyonic instabilities. The -term quartic couplings do not generate an
effective mass for the tachyonic modes, making it an efficient decay channel.
It is unclear how thermal scattering affects the resonance.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
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