Methylation assessment of two DKK2 and DKK4 genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important types of oral malignancies. DKK gene family members as well as DKK2/4 have critical roles in regulation of Wnt signaling as one of the main determining pathway in oral carcinogenesis. This study aimed to identify promoter methylation status of DKK2/4 genes to provide possible biomarkers for early detection and treatment of OSCC patients. Methods: A case control study was performed on 31 fresh tissues obtained from oral cavity of patients affect-ed by OSCC and 31 fresh corresponding tissues from normal healthy controls in Tehran and, between the years of 2016-2018. Purified DNA from tissue samples was subjected to bisulfite treatment and then methyla-tion specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR) was carried out on treated DNA samples. Results: DKK4 promoter was methylated in none of OSCC samples while it was methylated in 16.1% of healthy controls. 16.1% of OSCC samples were detected to be semimethylated and 22.6% of healthy normal samples were methylated for DKK2 promoter gene. Meaningful difference was found in DKK4 promoter methylation among OSCC patients and healthy controls. Significant correlation was found between DKK4 promoter methylation and tumor grade. The age of all enrolled samples was demonstrated to have strong effect on promoter methylation of studied genes. Conclusion: Hypomethylation of DKK2 and DKK4 genes in higher grades of OSCC samples may indicate the pivotal role of their expression in tumor cells invasion and progression through modulation of Wnt signaling pathway. Further study required to determine simultaneous expression of those genes and Wnt signaling ele-ments at mRNA and protein levels

Chondrosarcoma, A 30 Year Retrospective Study in Cancer Institute Imam Khomeini Hospital and Faculty of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Statement of Problem: Chondrosarcoma is a tumor which includes 10 percent of the bone primary tumors. Its prevalence is half of the osteosarcoma and two times of Ewing’s. The mean age of the patients ranges between 30-50 years of old. There is no significant sex orrace predilection. The most common complaint is the presence of a painless and enlarging mass. Its clinical course is described as slow-growing lesion with local invasion and recurrence, no or delayed metastasis, almost long survival.Purpose: The aims of this study were as follows: the determination of prevalence of reported Chondrosarcoma in cancer institute Imam Khomeini hospital and faculty of dentistry of Tehran University of medical sciences, comparison of jaw Chondrosarcoma to the body one, evaluation of sex, age, clinical and histological parameters and prevalence of different locations in body.Materials and Methods: In this study the biopsy notes of all kinds of chondrosarcoma of the body in cancer institute (212 cases) and the extracted files of the patients with the jaws chondrosarcoma in cancer institute and department of oral pathology of faculty of dentistry,University of Tehran medical sciences (23 Cases) were evaluated.Results: In this retrospective statistical study the proportion of the patients with the jaws conventional chondrosarcoma to the patients with conventional Chondrosarcoma of the body was 8.57%. The mean age of the total patients and the patients with jaws chondrosarcoma were 36.21 and 38.87 years, respectively. Men were somehow more involved. Pelvic was the most common location of the tumor. Maxilla involvement was 3-4 times more than mandible. Microscopic manifestation and tumor grading suggested a lowgrade lesion in jaws. Local recurrence in jaws was 33.3%.Conclusion: The most common site of involvement of chondrosarcoma was pelvic and maxillary involvement was more common than mandible. Its prevalence was in the posterior site of the jaws

A case report study of Intrabony Neurofibroma

Intrabony neurofibroma is a very rare lesion (6% of all types of neurofibroma) and in 80% of cases it is seen in spine. Current study is aimed to analyze the published articles in this field as well as presenting a rare case

Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Statistical Study about Patient to bed in Imam Khomeiny and Shariaty Hospitals (67-1376 Years)

In this study we try to clear the prevalance of age and sex and clinical and radiographic"nmanifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. In this duration 47 patients with primary"nhyperparathyroidism that bed in two important hospitals in Tehran were studied."nThe ratio between women to men was 7 to 1 and most prevalance of disease were in fouyth decade. The pain boon was the cheif complain of patients and osteopenia was the most radiographic findings."nIn addition a case of primary hyperparathyroidism with mandibular and other bone involvement was reported

The Prevalence of Pemphigus (Razi Hospital and Department of Oral Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

The aim of this retrospective statistical study was to determine the prevalcence and frequency of"nage and sex distributions of pemphigus disease. Pemphigus disease classified as autoimmune bullous"ndermatoses which is a chronic mucocutaneous disease."nThis study was performed in Razi Hospital and department of oral pathology of dental school, Tehran"nUniversity of Medical Sciences. The most frequently effected area was buccal moucosa of oral cavity. The"nmost rate of recurrence was found in oral cavity which being more common in middle age females (25-44"nyears)

CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC CYST:AN ANALYSIS OF THIRTY-SIX CASES

The term calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) was first introduced by Gorlin in 1962. COC occurs mainly as an intra-osseous lesion in mandible or maxilla but the peripheral variation of COC has also been reported. The confusion about COC nature as cyst or tumor has not been resolved and a vast diversity has been shown in clinicopathologic aspects of COC. The purpose of this study was the review and analysis of COC variables such as age, gender and location and reclassification of histopathologic features of cases. The study was a retrospective review, cross sectional and case series one. The records of 36 patients were obtained and the clinical characteristics such as age, gender and location of COC were registered. The histopathologic features of cases were reviewed and reclassified. The data showed that 38.3% of cases occurred in the fifth decade and beyond; 67.6% were in males and 32.4% in females. Considering location, 51.5% of COCs were found in mandible and 48.5% in maxilla; 65.6% were located in posterior part of jaws. Of the 36 cases diagnosed as COC, 32 (88.8%) had cystic features and 4 (11.11%) were tumoral. For better determination of histopathologic and biologic features of COC, more investigations are needed

Immunohistochemicai study of Ki- 67 expression in unicystic Ameloblastoma and Dentigerous cyst

Statement of Problem: Differentiation of dentigerous cyst from unicystic ameloblastoma, discovering any initial ameloblastic changes in lining epithelium of dentigerous cyst at early stage, and differentiation between hyperplastic odontogenic epithelium in fibrous capsule of dentigerous cyst from ameloblastic proliferation, need to an accurate and reliable technique."nPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine and compare Ki-67 immunoreactivity in various locations of the epithelium of Dentigerous cyst and Unicystic Ameloblastoma."nMaterials and Methods: In this historical Cohort study, 15 cases of dentigerous cyst and 9 cases of unicystic ameloblastoma were selected. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed by M1B-1 (murine monoclonal antibody against Ki-67). The stained nucleous were counted in basal and suprabasal layer of lining epithelium of both lesions in 3000 epithelial cells. Finally, the percentage of positive cells (presented as labeling index) was calculated, t- student test was used to analyze the related data."nResults: Ki-67 (LI) in basal layer of Dentigerous cyst (2.59±1.66) and Unicystic Ameloblastoma (3.76±79) had no significant differences, but Ki-67 (LI) in suprabasal layer of unicystic ameloblastoma (2.15±0.69) was significantly higher than dentigerous cyst (0.77±0.55) P=0.003)."nThe difference between the average numbers of positive cells for Ki-67 (LI) in these two lesions was statistically significant (P<0.05) and it was higher in Unicystic Ameloblastoma than Dentigerous cyst."nConclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that Ki-67 (LI) in suprabasal layer or throughout the epithelium can be considered as a useful marker for differential diagnosis between dentigerous cyst and unicystic ameloblastoma

Immunohistochemical expression of progesterone receptors in adenoid cystic carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands

Background and Aim: The hormone receptor status in breast cancer has been pivotal in determining the likelihood of response to hormonal manipulation. Tumors which are both estrogen and progesterone receptor positive are much more likely to respond to anti-hormone therapy than negative tumors. There is well-established similarity between breast tissue and salivary glands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the progesterone receptor expression in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, immunohistochemical staining with progesterone antibody was performed on 14 pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and 15 adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) paraffin blocks. The percentage of positive cells was determined using an eye piece graticule. Immunoreactivity was categorized as either positive (reactivity more than 5%) or negative (reactivity less than 5%). In addition the existence of progesterone receptor in tumor cells, stromal cells (fibroblasts), inflammatory cells and salivary glands around tumors was evaluated. Data were analyzed with T and Mann Whitney U tests with p<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: Immunohistochemical staining for progesterone receptor was negative in 15 ACC and 13 PA. Only one case of PA showed immunoreactivity for progesterone receptor. Also, 12 normal salivary glands around tumor were positive. Inflammatory cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts did not show immunoreactivity in most cases. Conclusion: The results indicate the lack of progesterone receptor expression in ACC and PA of salivary glands

Endoglin (CD105) positive microvessel density and its relationship with lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Background: Neovascularization is an important factor for predicting tumor behavior. Evidence suggests that endoglin (CD105) is a powerful marker of neovascularization and determination of microvessel density in several malignancies, and can be used as an agent to predict lymph node metastasis. However, it is controversial, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We studied CD105-MVD in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and evaluated its correlation with lymph node metastasis in relation to sex, age, and histopathologic grade. Methods: This study analyzed a total of 40 cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma by dividing patients into two groups, a) with metastatic lymph nodes (N+) and b) without metastatic lymph nodes (N-). By CD105 immunostaining, microvessel density was determined in three different areas (intratumoral, invasive front and adjacent normal tissue) of all cases. Statistically, we evaluated the relation between microvessel density and lymph node involvement, in addition to other clinicopathologic factors by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, and other analyses. Results: CD105-MVD in the invasive front (P� 0.001) and intratumoral (P�0.006) areas of the N+ group was significantly higher than in the N-group. In addition, there was a correlation between CD105-MVD and differentiation in the invasive front area (P� 0.013) No relation existed between CD105-MVD and other clinicopathologic features. Conclusion: CD105-MVD, as a prognostic factor, may be helpful for determining the possibility of lymph node metastasis of primary SCC of the tongue