8,379 research outputs found
Investigation of HNCO isomers formation in ice mantles by UV and thermal processing: an experimental approach
Current gas phase models do not account for the abundances of HNCO isomers
detected in various environments, suggesting a formation in icy grain mantles.
We attempted to study a formation channel of HNCO and its possible isomers by
vacuum-UV photoprocessing of interstellar ice analogues containing HO,
NH, CO, HCN, CHOH, CH, and N followed by warm-up, under
astrophysically relevant conditions. Only the HO:NH:CO and HO:HCN
ice mixtures led to the production of HNCO species. The possible isomerization
of HNCO to its higher energy tautomers following irradiation or due to ice
warm-up has been scrutinized. The photochemistry and thermal chemistry of
HO:NH:CO and HO:HCN ices was simulated using the Interstellar
Astrochemistry Chamber (ISAC), a state-of-the-art ultra-high-vacuum setup. The
ice was monitored in situ by Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy in
transmittance. A quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) detected the desorption of
the molecules in the gas phase. UV-photoprocessing of
HO:NH:CO/HO:HCN ices lead to the formation of OCN as main
product in the solid state and a minor amount of HNCO. The second isomer HOCN
has been tentatively identified. Despite its low efficiency, the formation of
HNCO and the HOCN isomers by UV-photoprocessing of realistic simulated ice
mantles, might explain the observed abundances of these species in PDRs, hot
cores, and dark clouds
A prototype reactor to compost agricultural wastes of Fusagasuga Municipality. Colombia
Crop and animal production generate a high level of organic waste that causes negative
effects on the environment and communities. The use of composting processes can improve the
quality of these biowastes. Additionally, the application of technologies such as telemetry and
remote sensors, allows optimizing the transformation of organic matter in a more controlled and
efficient way. The city of Fusagasugá is well known in agriculture. However, it lacks sustainable
management of the organic waste system.
In this study, after a three-dimensional electromechanical design, a prototype reactor to compost
agricultural wastes of Fusagasuga municipality will provide. The capacity of this prototype
reactor is considered to be 20 litres. In order to control temperature and humidity of biowastes in
different working conditions, it is used A PI controller with 3 temperature and a humidity sensors.
With these sensors the compost materials temperature and humidity will remain at 65 °C and
55–60%. By using a special form of temperature sensor placement, the time to oxygenate the
compost materials will be found. Furthermore, this system is integrated by a Human-Machine
Interface (HMI), which allows the supervision and manipulation from a remote access user
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Sr Through Sympathetic Cooling with Sr
We report Bose-Einstein condensation of Sr, which has a small,
negative s-wave scattering length (\,). We overcome the poor
evaporative cooling characteristics of this isotope by sympathetic cooling with
Sr atoms. Sr is effective in this role in spite of the fact that
it is a fermion because of the large ground state degeneracy arising from a
nuclear spin of , which reduces the impact of Pauli blocking of
collisions. We observe a limited number of atoms in the condensate
() that is consistent with the value of and the
optical dipole trap parameters.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Avaliação de linhagens de soja com sementes pequenas para produção de brotos.
Orientadora: Mercedes Concórdia Carrão-Panizzi
Typology of small producers in transition to agroecological production
ArticleAgroecology is now emerging as the fundamental science to guide the conversion of
conventional production systems to more diversified and self-sufficient systems. The
agroecological transition is defined as the gradual change that farmers undergo to adapt and move
from more conventional towards agroecological farming principles, encompassing technological,
societal, institutional and organisational changes in the food system. To analyze a transition
process, it is initially necessary to understand how agroecosystems work (their structure and
processes), and the different ways human beings intervene an ecosystem in order to transform it
for productive purposes.Farm systems typology and classification techniques are used to guide
strategic lines of research, sectorial policies, and promote sustainable development in response to
farmer’s needs. Determining multidimensional classification methods in agricultural systems is
necessary, considering both the variables inherent to the production system and those of an
external nature that indirectly impact the development and long-term sustainability of production
systems. One of the purposes of this research was to characterize agricultural production based
on sustainability systems and environmental, social, and economic indicators. The study was
carried out based on data collected from 71 farm surveys, considering the social, economic,
environmental, and technological dimensions. Multiple correspondence and cluster analysis were
done. Three types of production systems were obtained: Group I, organic producers in transition;
Group II, conventional producers in transition to organic production; and Group III, conventional
producers interested in organic production. Producers need to focus on processes that allow them
to improve their skills to develop human talent and social capital in terms of integration,
collaborative work, trust, political and cultural capital, so that they can make progress easily and
start implementing agroecological, infrastructure, and natural resources management practices,
while improving their living standards. The information yielded by a typology process allows for
us to know the current state of agricultural production systems based on the implementation of
agroecological practices; thus facilitating the preparation and implementation of participatory
plans and/or integrative proposals that promote agrofood sustainability
Runaway evaporation for optically dressed atoms
Forced evaporative cooling in a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap is
proved to be an efficient method to produce fermionic- or bosonic-degenerated
gases. However in most of the experiences, the reduction of the potential
height occurs with a diminution of the collision elastic rate. Taking advantage
of a long-living excited state, like in two-electron atoms, I propose a new
scheme, based on an optical knife, where the forced evaporation can be driven
independently of the trap confinement. In this context, the runaway regime
might be achieved leading to a substantial improvement of the cooling
efficiency. The comparison with the different methods for forced evaporation is
discussed in the presence or not of three-body recombination losses
Degenerate Fermi Gas of Sr
We report quantum degeneracy in a gas of ultra-cold fermionic Sr
atoms. By evaporatively cooling a mixture of spin states in an optical dipole
trap for 10.5\,s, we obtain samples well into the degenerate regime with
. The main signature of degeneracy is a change in the
momentum distribution as measured by time-of-flight imaging, and we also
observe a decrease in evaporation efficiency below .Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Inelastic and elastic collision rates for triplet states of ultracold strontium
We report measurement of the inelastic and elastic collision rates for
^{88}Sr atoms in the (5s5p)^3P_0 state in a crossed-beam optical dipole trap.
This is the first measurement of ultracold collision properties of a ^3P_0
level in an alkaline-earth atom or atom with similar electronic structure.
Since the (5s5p)^3P_0 state is the lowest level of the triplet manifold, large
loss rates indicate the importance of principle-quantum-number-changing
collisions at short range. We also provide an estimate of the collisional loss
rates for the (5s5p){^3P_2} state.Comment: 4 pages 5 figure
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