3,110 research outputs found
EcografĂa abdominal en pequeños animales
En este artĂculo se describen las imágenes ecográficas de los Ăłrganos abdominales y algunas de las patologĂas que, con mayor frecuencia, se detectan ecográficamente en la clĂnica de pequeños animales.This paper describes the normal ultrasonographic images of the abdominal organsas well as the most common encountered abnormal findings in small animal practice
Principios básicos de la ecografĂa
La ecografĂa es un mĂ©todo de diagnĂłstico por imagen no invasivo y que no utiliza radiaciones ionizantes, por lo que no produce efectos biolĂłgicos adversos. En este trabajo se describen las bases fĂsicas y las condiciones prácticas de la ecografĂa como mĂ©todo de diagnĂłstico en pequeños animales.Diagnostic ultrasound is a non invasive imaging procedure that does not use ionizing radiation and consecuently does not induce adverse biological effects. This paper describes the physics and basic conditions of ultrasound, as a diagnostic aid in small animal practice
Phase separation of a driven granular gas in annular geometry
This work investigates phase separation of a monodisperse gas of
inelastically colliding hard disks confined in a two-dimensional annulus, the
inner circle of which represents a "thermal wall". When described by granular
hydrodynamic equations, the basic steady state of this system is an azimuthally
symmetric state of increased particle density at the exterior circle of the
annulus. When the inelastic energy loss is sufficiently large, hydrodynamics
predicts spontaneous symmetry breaking of the annular state, analogous to the
van der Waals-like phase separation phenomenon previously found in a driven
granular gas in rectangular geometry. At a fixed aspect ratio of the annulus,
the phase separation involves a "spinodal interval" of particle area fractions,
where the gas has negative compressibility in the azimuthal direction. The heat
conduction in the azimuthal direction tends to suppress the instability, as
corroborated by a marginal stability analysis of the basic steady state with
respect to small perturbations. To test and complement our theoretical
predictions we performed event-driven molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of
this system. We clearly identify the transition to phase separated states in
the MD simulations, despite large fluctuations present, by measuring the
probability distribution of the amplitude of the fundamental Fourier mode of
the azimuthal spectrum of the particle density. We find that the instability
region, predicted from hydrodynamics, is always located within the phase
separation region observed in the MD simulations. This implies the presence of
a binodal (coexistence) region, where the annular state is metastable. The
phase separation persists when the driving and elastic walls are interchanged,
and also when the elastic wall is replaced by weakly inelastic one.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, to be published in PR
Leucemia linfocĂtica crĂłnica y su respuesta al tratamiento en un perro
Se presenta un caso clĂnico de leucemia linfocĂtica crĂłnica en una perra, describiendo el curso de la enfermedad, los mĂ©todos diagnĂłsticos empleados y su respuesta al tratamiento quimioterápico.A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a bitch is presented. In this paper we describe the evolution of the disease, the diagnosis protocol and the response to a chemotherapeutic treatment
Comparative pharmacology of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia
There are 5 BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia
(CML): bosutinib, ponatinib, imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib. The availability of several therapeutic
options raises the possibility of individualizing patient treatment. When evaluating patients’ individual
pharmacological profiles, it is important to take into account the differences in the chemical structures of
the drugs. Bosutinib, which has a unique interaction and safety profile, is a quinazoline, unlike the other
TKIs that have a pyrimidine structure. All 5 TKIs inhibit the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase, although only
ponatinib is active against the strains expressing the T315I mutation. In addition, the 5 TKIs are generally
non-selective drugs that can also inhibit other tyrosine kinases, such as cKIT or PDGFR, leading to both
benefits in the treatment of some gastrointestinal tumors as well as additional adverse events. These drugs
are orally administered and show moderate bioavailability, a large volume of distribution, high protein
binding, and elimination after intense metabolism involving various Cytochrome P450 (CYP). They are
also substrates of transport proteins and interact with inducers and inhibitors. All TKIs, except bosutinib,
can inhibit the activity of transport proteins, leading to important drug interactions. As such, bosutinib is
the drug with the better pharmacological profile. There is a close relationship between drug concentration
and the beneficial/toxic effects of imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib. Therefore, plasma levels should be
monitored to optimize patient treatment. Currently, there is no information for ponatinib. Overall, there
is a high incidence of adverse events; although these do not usually lead to treatment discontinuation.
All 5 TKIs have a similar safety profile; however, each TKI has unique adverse events. Pharmacological
differences can identify the drug that is best suited to each patient, helping optimize CML therapy
Cryopreservation of Brown Bear Skin Biopsies
Genetic resource banks and assisted reproductive technologies support the conservation of endangered or threatened species. In this study we assessed two procedures to cryopreserve skin biopsies from live brown bears. Skin biopsies were taken from six live, anesthetized brown bears. Single biopsies (n = 3) of each animal were cut into small pieces and assigned to one of the three experimental groups: freezing, vitrification, or untreated fresh. There were no differences on cell attachment. However, both freezing and fresh culture allowed for higher cell proliferation (p < 0.05) and less days to reach 70% to 80% confluence (p < 0.03) than vitrification. Skin biopsies from brown bears can be preserved long term, allowing fibroblasts to proliferate in culture. Slow freezing was effective to cryopreserve skin biopsies from brown bears
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