Risk factors and oral health-related quality of life: A case–control comparison between patients after a first-episode psychosis and people from general population

INTRODUCTION: No research is available about the oral health risk factors and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. AIM: To compare oral health risk factors and OHRQoL in patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (first-episode) to people with no history of psychotic disorder. METHOD: A case-control comparison (1:2) multivariable linear regression analysis and an estimation of prevalence of impact on OHRQoL. RESULTS: Patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (first-episode) have lower OHRQoL with more associated risk factors. Of the patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (first-episode), 14.8% reported a negative impact on OHRQoL, higher than the prevalence of 1.8% found in people from the general population. DISCUSSION: The high prevalence rate of a negative impact on OHRQoL in patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (first-episode) shows the importance of acting at an early stage to prevent a worse outcome. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings highlight the need for oral health interventions in patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (first-episode). Mental health nurses, as one of the main health professionals supporting the health of patients diagnosed with a mental health disorder, can support oral health (e.g. assess oral health in somatic screening) in order to improve the OHRQoL

Autophagy induction extends lifespan and reduces lipid content in response to frataxin silencing in C. elegans

Severe mitochondria deficiency leads to a number of devastating degenerative disorders, yet, mild mitochondrial dysfunction in different species, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, can have pro-longevity effects. This apparent paradox indicates that cellular adaptation to partial mitochondrial stress can induce beneficial responses, but how this is achieved is largely unknown. Complete absence of frataxin, the mitochondrial protein defective in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, is lethal in C. elegans, while its partial deficiency extends animal lifespan in a p53 dependent manner. In this paper we provide further insight into frataxin control of C. elegans longevity by showing that a substantial reduction of frataxin protein expression is required to extend lifespan, affect sensory neurons functionality, remodel lipid metabolism and trigger autophagy. We find that Beclin and p53 genes are required to induce autophagy and concurrently reduce lipid storages and extend animal lifespan in response to frataxin suppression. Reciprocally, frataxin expression modulates autophagy in the absence of p53. Human Friedreich ataxia-derived lymphoblasts also display increased autophagy, indicating an evolutionarily conserved response to reduced frataxin expression. In sum, we demonstrate a causal connection between induction of autophagy and lifespan extension following reduced frataxin expression, thus providing the rationale for investigating autophagy in the pathogenesis and treatment of Friedreich's ataxia and possibly other human mitochondria-associated disorders

Zijn complotdenkers psychotisch? Een vergelijking tussen complottheorieën en paranoïde wanen

Complotdenken komt veel voor in onzekere omstandigheden. Het geeft mensen houvast, zekerheid, morelesuperioriteit en sociale steun. Extreem complotdenken lijkt te passen binnen de gangbare psychiatrische definities van paranoïde wanen, maar toch zijn er ook belangrijke verschillen. Om onderscheid te kunnen maken met complotdenken behoeven gangbare definities van wanen verdieping. In plaats van de sterke focus op de foutieve inhoud van waanideeën zou er meer aandacht moeten zijn voor de onderliggende idiosyncratische, veranderde vorm van de werkelijkheidsbeleving.Security and Global Affair

Are conspiracy theorists psychotic?:A comparison between conspiracy theories and paranoid delusions

Achtergrond Complottheorieën zijn populair tijdens de coronapandemie. Complotdenken wordt gekenmerkt door de sterke overtuiging dat een bepaalde, als onrechtvaardig ervaren situatie, het resultaat is van een doelbewuste samenzwering van een groep mensen met kwade bedoelingen. Complotdenken lijkt veel overeenkomsten te hebben met paranoïde wanen.Doel Verkennen van aard, gevolgen en sociaalpsychologische dimensies van complotdenken en beschrijven van overeenkomsten en verschillen met paranoïde wanen.Methode Kritisch beschouwen van relevante literatuur over complotdenken en paranoïde wanen.Resultaten Complotdenken voorziet in epistemische, existentiële en sociale behoeften. Het geeft duidelijkheid in onzekere tijden en aansluiting bij een groep van gelijkgestemden. Bij zowel complotdenken als paranoïde wanen gaat het om een onjuiste, hardnekkige en soms bizarre overtuiging. In tegenstelling tot complotdenkers zijn mensen met een paranoïde waan echter vrijwel altijd alleen het doelwit van de veronderstelde samenzwering en staan ze grotendeels alleen in hun overtuiging. Tevens zijn complotideeën minder gebaseerd op ongewone ervaringen van het zelf, de werkelijkheid of intermenselijke contacten. Conclusies Complotdenken komt veel voor in onzekere omstandigheden. Het geeft mensen houvast, zekerheid, morele superioriteit en sociale steun. Extreem complotdenken lijkt te passen binnen de gangbare psychiatrische definities van paranoïde wanen, maar toch zijn er ook belangrijke verschillen. Om onderscheid te kunnen maken met complotdenken behoeven gangbare definities van wanen verdieping. In plaats van de sterke focus op de foutieve inhoud van waanideeën zou er meer aandacht moeten zijn voor de onderliggende idiosyncratische, veranderde vorm van de werkelijkheidsbeleving.BACKGROUND: Conspiracy theories are popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conspiratorial thinking is characterised by the strong conviction that a certain situation that one sees as unjust is the result of a deliberate conspiracy of a group of people with bad intentions. Conspiratorial thinking appears to have many similarities with paranoid delusions.AIM: To explore the nature, consequences, and social-psychological dimensions of conspiratorial thinking, and describe similarities and differences with paranoid delusions.METHOD: Critically assessing relevant literature about conspiratorial thinking and paranoid delusions.RESULTS: Conspiratorial thinking meets epistemic, existential, and social needs. It provides clarity in uncertain times and connection with an in-group of like-minded people. Both conspiratorial thinking and paranoid delusions involve an unjust, persistent, and sometimes bizarre conviction. Unlike conspiracy theorists, people with a paranoid delusion are almost always the only target of the presumed conspiracy, and they usually stand alone in their conviction. Furthermore, conspiracy theories are not based as much on unusual experiences of their inner self, reality, or interpersonal contacts. CONCLUSIONS Conspirational thinking is common in uncertain circumstances. It gives grip, certainty, moral superiority and social support. Extreme conspirational thinking seems to fit current psychiatric definitions of paranoid delusions, but there are also important differences. To make a distinction with regard to conspiratorial thinking, deepening of conventional definitions of delusions is required. Instead of the strong focus on the erroneous content of delusions, more attention should be given to the underlying idiosyncratic, changed way of experiencing reality.</p

Are conspiracy theorists psychotic?:A comparison between conspiracy theories and paranoid delusions

Achtergrond Complottheorieën zijn populair tijdens de coronapandemie. Complotdenken wordt gekenmerkt door de sterke overtuiging dat een bepaalde, als onrechtvaardig ervaren situatie, het resultaat is van een doelbewuste samenzwering van een groep mensen met kwade bedoelingen. Complotdenken lijkt veel overeenkomsten te hebben met paranoïde wanen.Doel Verkennen van aard, gevolgen en sociaalpsychologische dimensies van complotdenken en beschrijven van overeenkomsten en verschillen met paranoïde wanen.Methode Kritisch beschouwen van relevante literatuur over complotdenken en paranoïde wanen.Resultaten Complotdenken voorziet in epistemische, existentiële en sociale behoeften. Het geeft duidelijkheid in onzekere tijden en aansluiting bij een groep van gelijkgestemden. Bij zowel complotdenken als paranoïde wanen gaat het om een onjuiste, hardnekkige en soms bizarre overtuiging. In tegenstelling tot complotdenkers zijn mensen met een paranoïde waan echter vrijwel altijd alleen het doelwit van de veronderstelde samenzwering en staan ze grotendeels alleen in hun overtuiging. Tevens zijn complotideeën minder gebaseerd op ongewone ervaringen van het zelf, de werkelijkheid of intermenselijke contacten. Conclusies Complotdenken komt veel voor in onzekere omstandigheden. Het geeft mensen houvast, zekerheid, morele superioriteit en sociale steun. Extreem complotdenken lijkt te passen binnen de gangbare psychiatrische definities van paranoïde wanen, maar toch zijn er ook belangrijke verschillen. Om onderscheid te kunnen maken met complotdenken behoeven gangbare definities van wanen verdieping. In plaats van de sterke focus op de foutieve inhoud van waanideeën zou er meer aandacht moeten zijn voor de onderliggende idiosyncratische, veranderde vorm van de werkelijkheidsbeleving.BACKGROUND: Conspiracy theories are popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conspiratorial thinking is characterised by the strong conviction that a certain situation that one sees as unjust is the result of a deliberate conspiracy of a group of people with bad intentions. Conspiratorial thinking appears to have many similarities with paranoid delusions.AIM: To explore the nature, consequences, and social-psychological dimensions of conspiratorial thinking, and describe similarities and differences with paranoid delusions.METHOD: Critically assessing relevant literature about conspiratorial thinking and paranoid delusions.RESULTS: Conspiratorial thinking meets epistemic, existential, and social needs. It provides clarity in uncertain times and connection with an in-group of like-minded people. Both conspiratorial thinking and paranoid delusions involve an unjust, persistent, and sometimes bizarre conviction. Unlike conspiracy theorists, people with a paranoid delusion are almost always the only target of the presumed conspiracy, and they usually stand alone in their conviction. Furthermore, conspiracy theories are not based as much on unusual experiences of their inner self, reality, or interpersonal contacts. CONCLUSIONS Conspirational thinking is common in uncertain circumstances. It gives grip, certainty, moral superiority and social support. Extreme conspirational thinking seems to fit current psychiatric definitions of paranoid delusions, but there are also important differences. To make a distinction with regard to conspiratorial thinking, deepening of conventional definitions of delusions is required. Instead of the strong focus on the erroneous content of delusions, more attention should be given to the underlying idiosyncratic, changed way of experiencing reality.</p

Long-term psychosocial functioning after Ilizarov limb lengthening during childhood: 37 patients followed for 2–14 years

Background and purpose Few studies have been concerned with the patient's perception of the outcome of limb lengthening. We describe the psychological and social functioning after at least 2 years of follow-up in patients who had had a leg length discrepancy and who had undergone an Ilizarov limb lengthening procedure

Feasibility, validity and reliability of the Dutch translation of INCRESE (INCRESE-NL) inventory to characterize mental health recovery narratives

Objective: Characterizing mental health recovery narratives is needed to select helpful narratives to support the recovery process of other people. The Inventory of Characteristics of Recovery Stories (INCRESE) is an existing English-language tool to characterize recovery narratives, which is not available in Dutch. The aims of this study were to create a Dutch translation of INCRESE and to evaluate the feasibility of sustained and routine use, as well as its validity and reliability.Research design and methods: INCRESE was translated into Dutch (INCRESENL) using an established translation methodology. Six coders with different professional backgrounds rated 30 purposively selected narratives using INCRESENL and then completed an evaluation survey. Feasibility was rated qualitatively and content validity was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The Gwet’s AC1 agreement coefficient was used to calculate the intercoder reliability.Results: Coders evaluated INCRESE-NL as a suitable instrument to capture important characteristics of recovery narratives with an acceptable administrative burden. The content validity index was sufficient for 5/7 sections of INCRESE-NL. Most items were found to be clear and suitable to capture the corresponding characteristic and some missed strict coding rules or clear descriptions, especially in section 4 about narrative characteristics. The Gwet’s AC1 could be calculated for 67/77 items, of which 62 scored sufficient and five scored below threshold. TheGwet’s AC1 coefficients corresponded well with the original INCRESE Fleiss Kappa values.Conclusions: INCRESE-NL has sufficient feasibility, validity and reliability and canbe used to characterize Dutch recovery narratives