A Study on the Effectiveness of Bracing System for Lateral loading

An attempt has been made to study the reduction in responses of a structure under lateral loading due to the incorporation of a bracing system. In practice a building structure is subjected to eccentric loading due to the placement of different nonstructural elements within and above the structure. Due to the effect of eccentric loading a building normally experiences lateral as well as torsional displacement under seismic loading. Bracing system in any form increases the overall stiffness of the system and hence acts as a control mechanism for both lateral and torsional movement of the structure. In this study a single storey steel frame model is analyzed in a shake table for three different loading conditions namely frame without any extra mass, frame with a central mass and frame with an eccentric mass. A pair of X bracing system is then introduced to the structure and analyzed for the same three conditions. Comparisons are made for different responses namely lateral displacement, velocity, acceleration and torsional movement of the frame at roof level with and without bracing system. From the study it is clear that the bracing system is effective for reducing the lateral movement as well as the torsional effect to a great extent. Model study shows that a bracing system results in a reduction in the displacement at roof level up to about 80% as compared to that of an unbraced frame

Studies on Х-ray and neutron emission from 2.2 kJ plasma focus device

Plasma focus (PF) is a rich source of pulse X-ray and neutron emission. The measurement and analysis of X-ray and neutron emission from a 2.2 kJ PF device has been carried out using photo multiplier tube (PMT), PIN diode, pinhole camera, vacuum photodiode (VPD) and neutron bubble dosimeter. The soft X-rays are more or less emitted in multiple pulses. Hot spots are found to be present in the X-ray emitting zones of pinched plasma column. The neutron emissions are more in numbers as well as more energetic in axial direction as compared to the radial one. The neutron’s anisotropic emission may be influenced by beam- target mechanism.Плазменный фокус (ПФ) является источником импульсов рентгеновского и нейтронного излучениий. Были проведены измерения и анализ рентгеновского и нейтронного излучений из 2.2 кДж плазменного фокуса с использованием фотоумножителя (ФЭУ), PIN-диодов, камеры-обскуры, вакуумного фотодиода и пузырькового дозиметра нейтронов. Мягкое рентгеновское излучение более или менее наблюдается в импульсах со сложной структурой. Горячие точки были обнаружены в зонах рентгеновского излучения в сжимающемся плазменном шнуре. Нейтронное излучение в разы больше и энергетичнее в осевом направлении по сравнению с радиальным. Анизотропноe нейтронное излучение может зависеть от механизма взаимодействия пучка с мишенью.Плазмовий фокус (ПФ) є джерелом імпульсів рентгенівського і нейтронного випромінювань. Були проведені вимірювання і аналіз рентгенівського і нейтронного випромінювань з 2.2 кДж плазмового фокуса з використанням фотопомножувача (ФЕП), PIN-діодів, камери-обскури, вакуумного фотодіода і бульбашкового дозиметру нейтронів. М'яке рентгенівське випромінювання більш-менш спостерігається в імпульсах зі складною структурою. Гарячі точки були виявлені в зонах рентгенівського випромінювання, що стискаються в плазмовому шнурі. Нейтронне випромінювання в рази більше і енергетичніше в осьовому напрямку в порівнянні з радіальним. Анізотропнe нейтронне випромінювання може залежати від механізму взаємодії пучка з мішенню

A rapid 1,2-dihydroxylation of alkenes using a lipase and hydrogen peroxide under microwave conditions

—The combined advantages of using an enzyme immobilized lipase from Pseudomonas sp [PSLG6], hydrogen peroxide, ethyl acetate and microwave irradiation for the dihydroxylation of olefins are reported

Synthesis of 3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1-substituted phenyl isoquinoline and 3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1-substituted benzyl isoquinoline

Isoquinoline derivatives are obtained from amides using AlCl3-KI in acetonitrile solvent. This cyclo dehydrating Lewis acid produced no side product and yield is above 95% isoquinoline derivative at room temperature

Prolongation of carrageenan-induced inflammation in human colonic epithelial cells by activation of an NFκB-BCL10 loop

Carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide that is widely used as a food additive, induces inflammatory responses in animal models and human cells. The carrageenan-induced inflammatory cascades involve tolllike receptor (TLR)4- and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL)10-dependent activation of NF-κB, leading to increased IL-8 production. Translocations involving BCL10 in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are associated with constitutive activation of NF-κB. This report presents a mechanism by which carrageenan exposure leads to prolonged activation of both BCL10 and NF-κB in human colonic epithelial cells. Study findings demonstrate that nuclear RelA and RelB bind to an NF-κB binding motif in the BCL10 promoter in human colonic epithelial NCM460 and HT-29 cells. In vitro oligonucleotide binding assay, nonradioactive gel shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) indicate binding of RelA and RelB to the BCL10 promoter. Prolonged inflammation follows activation of the BCL10-NFκB inflammatory loop in response to carrageenan, shown by increased BCL10, RelA, and IL-8 for 36 to 48 h and increased RelB for 24 h following withdrawal of carrageenan after 12 h. In contrast, exposure to dextran sulfate sodium, which does not cause inflammation through TLR4 and BCL10 in the colonic epithelial cells, did not provoke prolonged activation of inflammation. The carrageenan-enhanced BCL10 promoter activity was blocked by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and MB-132 which inhibit NF-κB activation. These results indicate that NF-κB binding to the BCL10 promoter can lead to prolonged activation of the carrageenan-induced inflammatory cascade by a transcriptional mechanism involving an NF-κB‐BCL10 loop

A novel method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides from styrene derivatives using chiral acids in presence of Pseudomonas lipase G6 [PSL G6] and hydrogen peroxide

hiralepoxidationofstyreneanditsderivativeswascarriedoutusingseriesofchiralacidsandureahydrogenperoxide(UHP)or aqueoushydrogenperoxide(50%)intwophasesunderthecatalyticinfluenceofimmobilizedPseudomonaslipaseG6[PSLG6]at25–55 C. A moderate to good yield and enantioselectivities of chiral epoxides were obtained

Study on the reactive extraction and stripping kinetics of certain �-lactam antibiotics

The extraction equilibrium and stripping of certain �-lactam antibiotics such as 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), 7-aminodeacetoxy cephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA), 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), cephalosporin-C (CPC) and cephalexin from aqueous solution of phosphate and carbonate buffers were studied with Aliquat-336 (tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride) dissolved in n-butylacetate as the solvent over an aqueous phase pH range of 5–10. The extraction equilibrium constant Kp was found to increase with aqueous phase pH, which is attributed to the increase in ionisation of the �-lactam. A systematic study on kinetic of stripping or re-extraction of 7-ADCA and cephalexin from the extracted phase was carried out using an aqueous solution of citrate buffer at different pH values and was found to be pH dependent which is also attributable to ionisation behaviour of the �-lactams. Such observation is considered important, as re-extraction at an appropriate pH value is possible. The rate of stripping was found to be weakly dependent on Cl− concentration of the aqueous phase and the same was analysed with a simple mass transfer model based on film theory