Calculation of the Density of States Using Discrete Variable Representation and Toeplitz Matrices

A direct and exact method for calculating the density of states for systems with localized potentials is presented. The method is based on explicit inversion of the operator $E-H$. The operator is written in the discrete variable representation of the Hamiltonian, and the Toeplitz property of the asymptotic part of the obtained {\it infinite} matrix is used. Thus, the problem is reduced to the inversion of a {\it finite} matrix

Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity of two medicinal plants from Sulaimani City, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Malabar spinach  fruit  with dark blue skin and deep red violet flesh is a potential source of natural colorant. Nasturtium  officinal (watercress) of family  Brassica  ceae  has been long used as a home remedy or a medical plant by the people  Iraq- Sulaimaini City .The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant , antimicrobial activity of Malabar spinach &Nasturtium  official (water cress) extracts using various in vitro assay systems including ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP),1,1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2-azinobis -3- ethylbenzothiozoline sulphonate (ABTS ).Antibacterial activity were tested against five gram-positive ,three gram –negative bacteria and two fungi by disc  diffusion method for different extract  and determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)values . Total phenolic content was determined by folin ciocalteu reagent for the extract (mg Gallic acid  /g extract ). From the result  highest total phenol content was shown by Malabar  spinach  & Nastartium officinale in methanol extracts. Elemental analysis  have been done element by inductive couple plasma (ICP) techniques for each this two medicinal plants high amount of Na ,K Ca, Mn ,Zn ,Mg, Fe, Cu ,and se  elements have been detected in ppb. Key words:  Malabar spinach  , Nasturtium  officinal, antioxidant   , antimicrobial  ,phenolic

Investigation of the Multiple Method Adaptive Control (MMAC) method for flight control systems

The stochastic adaptive control of the NASA F-8C digital-fly-by-wire aircraft using the multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) method is presented. The selection of the performance criteria for the lateral and the longitudinal dynamics, the design of the Kalman filters for different operating conditions, the identification algorithm associated with the MMAC method, the control system design, and simulation results obtained using the real time simulator of the F-8 aircraft at the NASA Langley Research Center are discussed

The Importance of Patch Size in Estimating Steady-State Bite Rate in Grazing Cattle

Since the pioneering work of Black and Kenney (1984), various intake studies have been conducted at the spatial scale of a single feeding station ( patch ) to elucidate the processes that determine instantaneous intake rate (e.g. Laca et al., 1994). While these are well-suited for patch depletion studies, it is less clear how well they represent non-patchy and relatively homogeneous environments (Ungar & Griffiths, 2002). Clearly, grazing should be restricted to the upper grazing horizon (i.e. layer of bites), but sample duration may be insufficient to characterize steady-state behaviour, especially when grazing commences on an empty mouth. We examined the impact of feeding station size on bite rate and jaw movement allocation between bites and chews

Rhythmic coma in children.

We describe a syndrome of rhythmic coma in children that consists of an invariant, nonreactive, diffuse cortical activity of a specific frequency, such as alpha, beta, spindle, or theta, recorded from a comatose child. We report 11 cases of children who were found to be in rhythmic coma during their acute illnesses. Their ages ranged from 2 to 15 years, and their diagnoses included encephalitis, head trauma, seizures, near drowning, brain tumors, stroke, and metabolic derangements. The specific frequency of the electroencephalographic pattern, ie, alpha, beta, spindle, or theta, did not influence the outcome. The clinical outcome appeared to depend on the primary disease process rather than the electroencephalographic finding. The prognosis of alpha-frequency rhythmic coma as well as of rhythmic coma in general was better in children than in adults. The pathophysiology in children may be similar, ie, the interruption of reticulothalamocortical pathways by metabolic or structural abnormalities, but the expression of this deafferentation may be more varied in the developing brain. Thus, we propose the term rhythmic coma as a unified concept for alpha, beta, spindle, and theta coma in children

Chew-Bites, Jaw Movement Allocation and Bite Rate in Grazing Cattle as Identified by Acoustic Monitoring

Bite rate derives from the time budget of the biting and chewing processes of intake, which are both performed by jaw movements. A new type of jaw movement was revealed by acoustic monitoring in cattle - the chew-bite -which chews herbage already in the mouth and harvests fresh herbage with the same jaw movement (Laca et al., 1992). Chew-biting should enable the animal to reduce the total number of jaw movements performed per bite without reducing the number of chews per bite. We examined the variation among individuals in the allocation of jaw movements between the three types, and its relation to bite rate

Dimensional Reduction for Directed Branched Polymers

Dimensional reduction occurs when the critical behavior of one system can be related to that of another system in a lower dimension. We show that this occurs for directed branched polymers (DBP) by giving an exact relationship between DBP models in D+1 dimensions and repulsive gases at negative activity in D dimensions. This implies relations between exponents of the two models: $\gamma(D+1)=\alpha(D)$ (the exponent describing the singularity of the pressure), and $\nu_{\perp}(D+1)=\nu(D)$ (the correlation length exponent of the repulsive gas). It also leads to the relation $\theta(D+1)=1+\sigma(D)$, where $\sigma(D)$ is the Yang-Lee edge exponent. We derive exact expressions for the number of DBP of size N in two dimensions.Comment: 7 pages, 1 eps figure, ref 24 correcte

Unpredictable Maternal Behavior Is Associated with a Blunted Infant Cortisol Response

Background Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is associated with poor physical and mental health. Early-life adversity may dysregulate cortisol response to subsequent stress. This study examines the association between patterns of maternal behavior and infant stress response to a challenge. Specifically, we test whether infant exposure to unpredictable maternal sensory signals is related to the cortisol response to a painful stressor. Method Participants were 102 mothers and their children enrolled in a longitudinal study. Patterns of maternal sensory signals were evaluated at 6 and 12 months during a 10-min mother–infant play episode. Entropy rate was calculated as a quantitative measure of the degree of unpredictability of maternal sensory signals (visual, auditory, and tactile) exhibited during the play episode. Infant saliva samples were collected for cortisol analysis before and after inoculation at 12 months. Results Unpredictable patterns of maternal sensory signals were associated with a blunted infant cortisol response to a painful stressor. This relation persisted after evaluation of covariates including maternal sensitivity and maternal psychological distress. Conclusions This study provides evidence that unpredictable patterns of maternal sensory signals are one process through which caregiving affects the function of infant stress response systems

Identity of the universal repulsive-core singularity with Yang-Lee edge criticality

Lattice and continuum fluid models with repulsive-core interactions typically display a dominant, critical-type singularity on the real, negative activity axis. Lai and Fisher recently suggested, mainly on numerical grounds, that this repulsive-core singularity is universal and in the same class as the Yang-Lee edge singularities, which arise above criticality at complex activities with positive real part. A general analytic demonstration of this identification is presented here using a field-theory approach with separate representation of the repulsive and attractive parts of the pair interactions.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure