A national survey into desirable personality traits in anaesthesia trainees in a developing country

OBJECTIVE: To explore personality traits considered to be important in selection of trainees by consultant anaesthetists in a developing country. METHODS: A questionnaire listing 28 traits was sent to 125 consultant anaesthetists. The raters were asked to mark each trait on a scale of 1 to 10, with one being least desirable and 10 as most desirable. Listing of five most desirable and one least desirable trait was also required. RESULTS: The response rate was 79%. The most desirable trait was identified as reliability by 40%, followed by honesty 17%, functionality under stress 9%, punctuality 7%, and discipline 4%. The least desirable trait was considered as resourcefulness (21%), sense of humour (20%), unassuming mannerism (15%), high self esteem (11%), inquisitive (5%) and expedious (5%). CONCLUSION: Some traits have been identified as more desirable than others for trainees in our country. We plan to assess these in structured behavioural interviews in our residency programme

Pengembangan Metode Sterilisasi pada Berbagai Eksplan Guna Meningkatkan Keberhasilan Kultur Kalus Kencur (Kaemferia Galangal L)

Dewasa ini penggunaan obat tradisional yang bersumber dari tumbuh-tumbuhan dimasyarakat semakin meningkat sebagai dampak dari konsep hidup kembali ke alam (back to nature). Salah satu tumbuhan yang dikembangkan sebagai tanaman obat di Indonesia adalah kencur (Kaemferia galanga). Kencur banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional (jamu), fitofarmaka, industri kosmetika,penyedap makanan dan minuman, rempah, serta bahan campuran saus rokok pada industri rokok kretek. Secara empirik kencur digunakan sebagai penambah nafsu makan, infeksi bakteri, obat batuk, disentri, tonikum, ekspektoran, masuk angin, sakit Perut karena rimpangnya mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder antara lain saponin, flavonoid, fenol serta minyak atsiri (Syamsuhidayat dan Johnny, 1991). Tahap awal keberhasilan kultur kalus yang dilakukan tidak lepas dari ketepatan pemilihan bahan dasar eksplan yang akan digunakan dan juga teknik sterilisasi yang dilakukan selama kultur kalus. Ketepatan pemilihan sterilan dan lamanya waktu pemberian sterilan pada berbagai macam eksplan ternyata memberikan respon yang berbeda. Penelitian ini merupakan upaya dalam perolehan metode sterilisasi yang tepat pada berbagai macam sumber eksplan berupa daun, akar dan irisan rhizome dalam media MS yang digunakan dalam kultur in vitro khususnya kultur kalus tanaman kencur (Kaemferia galanga), sehingga akan diperoleh metode sterilisasi yang sesuai untuyk perbanyakan kalus kencur. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan yang efektif untuk menekan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sumber kontaminasi adalah Natrium hipoklorit (NaOCl 10 %), 5 menit + Alkohol 70 % ,1 menit pada eksplan daun, kombinasi perlakuan Natrium hipoklorit (NaOCl 5 %), 5 menit + Alkohol 70 % ,1 menit untuk eksplan akar dan kombinasi perlakuan Alkohol 70 % ,1 menit + Kaporit (Ca(ClO)2) 6%, 20 menit untuk eksplan rimpang kencur. Sumber kontaminan yang dominan tumbuh adalah bakteri dan jamur dari jenis Mucor dan Rhizopus dengan cirri morfologi hifa berwarna putih hingga kelabu hitam

Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance dan Karakteristik Perusahaan terhadap Kinerja Lingkungan

This research aims to determine the impact of corporate governance mechanism and corporate characteristics to environmental performance. The proxy of corporate governance mechanism is size of board commisioner, proportion independence of board commisioner, and audit committee meeting. The proxy of corporate characteristic is profitability, leverage, and variety industri. Environmental performance is measured by PROPER rating that issued by Environmental Ministry. Research design is quantitative method to determine the relationship between variables by testing hypothesis. The examined technique hypohesis is mutiple regression by using SPSS program. The result of research is proportion independence of board commisioner and variety of industry had positive significant influence otherwise size of board commisioner had negative significant influence on environmental performance. Profitability, leverage and audit committee meeting had no significant influence on environmental performance. The result was not appropriate with legitimacy theory that state profitability and leverage had a negative significant influence on environmental performance

Using a discrete choice experiment to estimate societal health state utility values

In this study we explore a novel application of the Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) that resembles the Time Trade Off (TTO) task to estimate values on the health utility scale for the EQ-5D. The DCE is tested in a survey alongside the TTO in respondents largely representative of the Canadian general population. The study finds that the DCE is able to derive logical and consistent values for health states valued on the full health – dead scale. The DCE overcame some issues identified in the version of TTO currently used to value EQ-5D, notably whether to exclude respondents who fail to understand the task and incorporating values considered worse than dead without transformation. This has important implications for providing values that represent the preferences of all respondents

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matakuliah Teknik Analisis Biologi Molekular (Tabm) Di Universitas Negeri Malang (Um)

Students experiencing difficulty in learning and applying the material in the course of Engineering Analysis Molecular Biology (TABM) because it is abstract. To overcome these problems, the necessary teaching materials in the form of modules TABM to assist students in learning the material contained in the course. The process of preparation of the modulesadapt the model of R & D were prepared by Walter Dick and Lou Carey (Dick et al, 2009). Modules are developed then evaluated by two experts teaching materials with a minimum educational qualification S3 with teaching experience of more than 5 years, and 18 students who are candidates for S1 and have to take TABM a course at the State University of Malang (UM). Based on the results of an expert evaluation of teaching materials and students as a whole, it can be concluded that the introduction module components, content , and grammar demonstrated excellent qualifications module so it can be concluded that the module does not need to be revised and can be used as a teaching material support for TABM course in State University of Malang ( UM )

Perbedaan Effektifitas Pemberian Jus Jambu Biji Merah dan Konsumsi Sereal terhadap Perubahan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil di Pustu Pojok Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sukorame Kota Kediri

Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kadar Hemoglobin pada ibu hamil adalah dengan konsumsi Jus Jambu merah dan Konsumsi sereal. Tomat dan sereal mengandung vitamin C yang mempercepat penyerapan Fe, sedangkan sereal mengandung Fe dan Vitamin C yang tinggi sehingga dapat mencukupi kebutuhan ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk Mengetahui Perbedaan Effektifitas Pemberian Jus Jambu Biji Merah dan Konsumsi Sereal terhadap Perubahan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu hamil. Dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 26 ibu hamil sebanyak 26 responden yang dibagi 13 untuk jus jambu dan 13 untuk konsumsi sereal. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan design Quasy Eksperiment dengan pendekatan Two Group Pre Test Post Test Design dengan menggunakan Uji T- Test. Hasil penelitian ini Jus Jambu Biji Merah Lebih Effektif meningkatkan kadar Hb pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Sukorame Kota Kediri. Hasil Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan manfaat bagi ibu hamil sebagai alternative untuk meningkatkan kadar Hb

The Effect of Auditor Ethics, Auditor Experience, Audit Fees and Auditor Motivation on Audit Quality

This study aimed to determine the effect of auditor ethics, auditor experience, audit fees, and auditor motivation on audit quality of public accounting firm in Semarang. The populations in this study were auditors who work on public accounting firm in Semarang. The total population of public accounting firm in Semarang according to Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants in 2016 was 98 respondents from 14 public accounting firms. Questionnaires were distributed to auditors in all those public accounting firm. This study used purposive sampling judgement with criteria of sample were they have worked and experienced in public accounting firm for one year. A total sample of this study is 30 respondents. Using multiple linier regression analysis the results show that auditor ethics had a significant positive effect on audit quality; auditor experience had a significant positive effect on audit quality; audit fees had a significant positive effect on audit quality; and auditor motivation had a significant positive effect on audit quality. Ethics, experience, fees and motivation of auditor had a significant positive effect on audit quality

Peranan Koperasi terhadap Penurunan Biaya Transaksi Usaha Ternak Sapi Perah di Kabupaten Boyolali

EnglishBoyolali Regency is the largest milk-producer in Central Java Province. There are many market institutions serving the farmers in selling their products. Interaction between the dairy-cow farmers and market institutions incurs transaction costs. The farmers' efforts to reduce risk of milk quality deterioration and to search market institutions create transaction costs resulting in profit reduction. Objective of this study is to analyze the transaction costs paid by the dairy-cow farmers. Transaction cost was computed using an accounting approach and its determinants were evaluated using a regression method. Primary data were collected through a survey conducted in Cepogo District, Boyolaly Regency, during April-May 2016 from 104 farmer respondents.The results showed that average transaction cost was Rp47,44/liter. Total monthly transaction costs paid by the village cooperative (KUD) members were Rp31.955, consisted of searching cost (Rp1.059 or 3.31%), negotiation cost (Rp724 or 2.27%), and enforcement cost (Rp30.173 or 94.42%). Total monthly transaction costs paid by the non-KUD members were Rp48.012 per month, consisted of Rp2.825 (5.88%), Rp1.204 (2.51%), and Rp43.983 (91,61%) for searching cost, negotiation cost, and enforcement cost, respectively. Transaction cost paid by the KUD members were lower than that paid by non-KUD members. Roles of cooperative in reducing transaction costs were not determined by membership status, but by its real services as reflected in increasing the number of cows per farm, shorter distance of the cooling unit to the farms and information provision to all members.IndonesianKabupaten Boyolali merupakan penghasil susu terbesar di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Terdapat beberapa lembaga pemasaran yang bekerja sama dengan peternak dalam penjualan susu. Upaya peternak untuk mengurangi risiko susu cepat rusak dan mencari lembaga pemasaran akan memunculkan biaya transaksi yang menurunkan pendapatan peternak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis biaya transaksi yang ditanggung peternak. Biaya transaksi dihitung dengan metode akuntansi, sementara determinan biaya transaksi ,dianalisis dengan metode regresi. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei di Kecamatan Cepogo, Kabupaten Boyolali selama bulan April hingga Mei 2016 dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 104 peternak. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata biaya transaksi yang dikeluarkan peternak adalah Rp47,44/liter susu. Total biaya transaksi per bulan yang dikeluarkan peternak anggota Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) adalah Rp31.955, yang terdiri dari Rp1.059 (3,31%) biaya pencarian informasi, Rp724 (2,27%) biaya negosiasi, dan Rp30.173 (94,42%) biaya pelaksanaan kontrak. Total biaya transaksi yang dikeluarkan peternak bukan anggota KUD adalah Rp48.012, yang terdiri dari Rp2.825 (5,88%) biaya pencarian informasi, Rp1.204 (2,51%) biaya negosiasi, dan Rp43.983 (91,61%) biaya pelaksanaan kontrak. Biaya transaksi yang ditanggung peternak anggota KUD lebih rendah dibanding peternak bukan anggota KUD. Peranan KUD dalam penurunan biaya transaksi tidak ditentukan oleh status keanggotaan melainkan jasa layanan riil yang tercermin dalam peningkatan jumlah ternak piaraan, penurunan jarak kandang ke pabrik pengolahan susu (cooling unit), dan penyediaan informasi bagi seluruh anggotanya