Взаимосвязь цикла дикарбоновых кислот с циклом трикарбоновых кислот у высокопродуктивных свиней

The paper is the fundamental beginning of research series aimed at understanding the processes associated with high performance in higher animals. The research aim is to study correlation of dicarboxylic acid cycle with tricarboxylic acid cycle with establishment of activity and dislocation of enzymes, confirming the hypothesis of availability and active metabolic participation of peroxisome in highly productive animals. Research was conducted on the basis of the VNIIFBiP animal vivarium in 2019 with a group of piglets of the Irish Landrace breed (n = 10). After slaughter at the age of 210 days, the nuclear (with large tissue particles), mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions of the liver were studied with assessment of succinate dehydrogenase and activity of other dehydrogenes of the Krebs cycle. It was found that peroxisomes act as universal agents of communication and cooperation, and microtelets are able to generate various chemical signals that carry information, to control and arrange a number of mechanisms in the metabolic processes in the body. Despite the fact that the Krebs cycle dehydrogenases are considered mitochondrial enzymes, the experiment showed an increase in activity of priruvate dehydrogenase (P > 0.1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (0.1 > P > 0.05) and malate dehydrogenase (0.1 > P > 0.05), which, when comparing the mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions, indicates a higher activity of peroxisomal fractions. The peroxisome localization place is the postmitochondrial fraction, and the lower layer contains larger peroxisomes to a greater extent, while the upper layer contains smaller ones. It was found that indicator enzymes of glyoxylate cycle isocitratliase and malate synthase exhibit catalytic activity in the peroxisomal fraction of liver of highly productive pigs. The obtained data on functioning of key glyoxylate cycle enzymes and their intracellular compartmentalization in highly productive pigs allow learning more about the specifics of metabolism and its regulation processes. Application of this knowledge in practice opens up prospects for rationalizing the production of livestock products of increased quantity, improved quality with less feed, labor and financial resources spent.Статья является фундаментальным началом цикла работ, направленных на понимание процессов, связанных с высокой продуктивностью у высших животных. Цель работы – изучение взаимосвязи цикла дикарбоновых кислот с циклом трикарбоновых кислот с установлением активности и дислокации ферментов, подтверждение гипотезы о наличии и активном метаболическом участии пероксисом у высокопродуктивных животных. Исследования проводили на базе вивария ВНИИФБиП животных в 2019 г. на группе поросят породы ирландский ландрас (n = 10). После убоя в возрасте 210 дней изучены ядерная (с крупными частицами ткани), митохондриальная и постмитохондриальная фракции печени с оценкой сукцинатдегидрогеназы и активности других дегидрогенов цикла Кребса. Выявлено, что пероксисомы выступают в качестве универсальных агентов коммуникации и кооперации, а микротельцы способны генерировать различные химические сигналы, переносящие информацию, по контролю и управлению рядом механизмов в метаболических взаимоотношениях организма. Несмотря на то что дегидрогеназы цикла Кребса считаются митохондриальными ферментами, в эксперименте наблюдалось увеличение активности прируватдегидрогеназы (Р > 0,1), изоцитратдегидрогеназы (0,1 > Р > 0,05) и малатдегидрогеназы (0,1 > Р > 0,05), что при сравнении между собой митохондриальной и постмитохондриальной фракций указывает на проявление более высокой активности пероксисомальных фракций. Место локализации пероксисом – постмитохондриальная фракция, в нижнем слое сосредоточены в большей степени крупные пероксисомы, а в верхнем слое – более мелкие. Установлено, что индикаторные ферменты глиоксилатного цикла изоцитратлиаза и малатсинтаза проявляют каталитическую активность в пероксисомальной фракции печени высокопродуктивных свиней. Полученные данные о функционировании у высокопродуктивных свиней ключевых ферментов глиоксилатного цикла и их внутриклеточной компартментализации позволяют глубже познать специфику обмена веществ и процессов его регуляции. Применение этих знаний на практике открывает перспективы рационализации производства животноводческой продукции повышенного количества, улучшенного качества с меньшими затратами кормов, труда и финансовых средств на ее производство

Innovative development scenario of the domestic market of meat products: problems, factors, trends

The market for meat and its products is, on the one hand, one of the criteria for a country's food security, and, on the other, a peculiar social indicator, since it is a supplier of animal protein that plays an important role in ensuring healthy nutrition of the human body, which directly affects the quality of life., human development index, the formation and creation of conditions for its reproduction. The aim of the work is to study the domestic market of meat processing products from the standpoint of the implementation of the innovative scenario of its development, taking into account the orientation on mental changes in the consumer audience, the tendency to change the hedonic preferences of end users of meat products in the light of the evolution of nutrition theories. The subject of the study was trends, problems and prospects for the development of the domestic market of meat products, including taking into account the peculiarities of the consumer mentality, psychological perception of meat products in the light of the development of the theory and practice of healthy eating. The research methodology was based on a complex of general scientific methods, including analytical, synthetic, deduction. The basis of the research was the compilation and analysis of information sources in the subject area of ??the state and development prospects of the global and domestic meat and meat products market, which form plausible development scenarios, from the standpoint of analyzing commercial relations inherent in the b2c (busness-to-consumer) sector, in particular, the role assortment and the role of the individual customer. The characteristics, factors and trends of the innovation scenario of the development of the market of chilled and frozen meat products are formulated. The perspectives of combining the concept of healthy nutrition with the idea of reviving the traditions of national cuisine based on convergence with innovative food biotechnologies, including based on the author's innovative project to develop combined food systems and economically efficient meat products

Marketing potential of combined meat-plant food products as innovative consumer objects

For the growth of the consumer potential of the food market, an active search for innovative ways and means of development, taking into account various sources of innovative opportunities, is necessary. The analysis shows that consumers of products of agro-industrial enterprises, catering and trade enterprises are an important, but insufficiently studied element in the system of generating samples, or ideas, innovative consumer objects. The purpose of the work is to study consumer trends, features of segmentation in the customer typology and customer feedback elements, as sources of innovation in the external environment of various enterprises and organizations for the production of food based on the processing of meat raw materials. The object of the research was the regional market of meat products of the Central Black Soil Region on the example of the city of Voronezh and the city of Liski, Voronezh Region. The subject of research was the direction of improving the range of meat and meat-plant products, corresponding to the innovative scenario of the development of their market. The analysis of consumer preferences and motivations of the population of the Central Black Earth region (for example, the city of Voronezh and the city of Liski, Voronezh region) in relation to the combined meat and vegetable products was carried out and their potential as innovative consumer objects was evaluated. The article implements a questionnaire survey method in relation to the psychological perception of protein foods from consumers, including middle and mature age. The survey revealed data on the popularity of types of meat products, the frequency of their consumption, priority properties for the consumer, storage modes. The expediency of increasing the nutritional and biological value and the formation of consumer properties of combined meat products based on the hedonic preferences of consumer groups has been substantiated. Directions for improving the range of products for processing meat raw materials will be an organic addition to the cluster for the production and processing of specialized breeds of beef cattle, pork, and poultry meat in the Voronezh region and the Central Black Earth region as a whole

PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF NOVEL BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AT EXPERIMENTAL INFLUENZA INFECTION

Influenza is an acute respiratory viral infection, which represents an important health problem. Every year, influenza causes epidemics  and pandemics, leading to increase in morbidity and mortality in all  regions of the globe. Due to the segmental organization of the  genome and low accuracy of its replication, the influenza virus is  capable of escaping the host’s immune response (antigenic drift), as  well as the selection of drug-resistant variants. This calls for  constant monitoring of the sensitivity of viral isolates to antiviral  drugs and the development of new etiotropic antiviral agents that  have alternative targets and mechanisms of activity. The purpose of  this study was to characterize the new aminobenzimidazole  derivatives as protective agents in lethal influenza infection in white  mice. The efficacy of the compounds was assessed by their ability to  reduce specific mortality of animals in the course of lethal influenza  pneumonia caused by the influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1)  irus, increase the life duration of animals, and normalize the  morphological structure of lung tissue comparing to the placebo  group. For all the compounds studied, a decrease in the specific  mortality of animals (from 20 to 60%) has been shown. The  reference drug (oseltamivir phosphate) reduced the mortality of  mice by 80%. The benzimidazole derivative 2519 demonstrated the  highest indices of protective activity, its use reduced the mortality of  animals by 60% and increased their mean day of death by 1.6 days in comparison with the control group. Morphological analysis showed that the activity of derivative 2519 was manifested in the  normalization of the morphological structure of lung tissue in the  course of influenza pneumonia. On day 5 after infection, the cells of  the bronchial epithelium looked intact, in contrast to destroyed cells  with numerous viral inclusions in control animals. The foci of  inflammation themselves occupied a smaller area compared to the  control. At the same time, there was no correlation between the  previously obtained data on the virus-inhibiting effect of these  compounds in vitro and the data obtained in animals. This suggests  that despite the presence of direct antiviral activity detected  previously in in vitro experiments, the protective properties of the  studied aminobenzimidazoles on animals are caused, in addition to  the etiotropic effect, by other pathogenetic factors. In conclusion,  amino derivatives of benzimidazole should be considered as  compounds that are promising for further development and  introduction as an anti-influenza agents

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of adamantyl substituted pyridoxine derivatives

© 2019 Bentham Science Publishers Background: Adamantane derivatives possess multiple pharmacological activities such as antiviral, anticancer, antimycobacterial, antidiabetic, antiparkinsonian and others. The interest of medicinal chemists in adamantane compounds is due to their unique spatial structure, high lipophilicity, and carbon cage rigidity. As a result, these molecules can easily penetrate biological lipid membranes and often have unique target-specific activity profile. Another pharmacophore studied in this work is pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Pyridoxine plays highly important roles in living cells as a key cofactor of many enzymes. On the other hand, its molecular scaffold is a valuable structural platform which has led to the development of several launched drugs (Pyritinol, Pirisudanol, Cycletanine, Mangafodipir) and a wide number of preclinical and clinical drug candidates. Objective: The objective of this study is a synthesis of pyridoxine-adamantane and pyridoxinecyclooctane dipharmacophore molecules. The underlying idea was to assess the antibacterial and antiviral potential of such dipharmacophores, based on multiple examples of promising antiinfective agents which have in their structures adamantane and pyridoxine moieties. Another specific reason was to explore the ability of pyridoxine pharmacophore to suppress the potential of microbial pathogens to develop resistance to drug molecules. Methods: In this study, a series of pyridoxine-adamantane and pyridoxine-cyclooctane dipharmacophore molecules were synthesized based on reactions of three different cycloalkyl amines with the corresponding electrophilic derivatives of pyridoxine aldehydes, chlorides and acetates. All synthesized compounds have been tested for their in vitro activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain and H3N2 (A/Aichi/2/68) influenza virus. Results: Series of pyridoxine-adamantane and pyridoxine-cyclooctane dipharmacophore molecules were synthesized based on reactions of three different cycloalkylamines with the corresponding electrophilic derivatives of pyridoxine aldehydes, chlorides and acetates. Reaction of cycloalkylamines with pyridoxine derivatives, in which meta-hydroxyl and ortho-hydroxymethyl groups are protected by acetyl groups, represents a useful alternative to reductive amination of aldehydes and nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides. According to a tentative mechanism, it proceeds via paraand ortho-pyridinone methides which readily react with nucleophiles. None of the synthesized dipharmacophore compounds showed activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. At the same time, three compounds demonstrated some antiviral activity against H3N2 (A/Aichi/2/68) influenza virus (EC50 52-88 μg/mL) that was comparable to the activity of Amantadine, though lower than the activity of Rimantadine. The results of this work can be useful in the design of physiologically active derivatives of pyridoxine and adamantane. Conclusion: The results of this work can be useful in the design of physiologically active derivatives of pyridoxine and adamantane