Oculocutaneous Albinism and Consanguineous Marriage among Spanish Gitanos or Calé – A Study of 83 Cases

This paper studies 83 cases of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) in family networks of Gitanos in southeastern Spain, and analyzes their sustained inbreeding patterns and complex genealogical relationships. It is based in the family and genealogy reconstitution of the Gitano population of 22 contiguous localities using ethnographic and historical demography methods. The study found a prevalence of OCA among Gitanos in the area of about 1: 1,200. Most of the cases belong to three extended kin networks in which consanguineous marriages have been common for generations. In these networks there are other cases of visual and auditive congenital anomalies, and other birth defects such as brachydactily, polydactily, neurological defects, Potter Sequence, etc. In 61 OCA cases it was possible to trace inbreeding links with a depth of three to nine generations. For these cases the estimated alpha (average of the inbreeding coefficient, F) is 0.0222. Relationships between the parents of people affected are of three types: close, as between first or second cousins; distant, as between third or fourth cousins, and non-existent, as in mixed marriages. In most cases, however, persons with albinism are linked by multiple consanguineous links. Albinism seems to be a visible example of a high prevalence of birth defects in this minority, associated with founder effects, sustained inbreeding and high fertility rates. These conditions derive from Gitano’s marriage preferences and pronatalist strategies. In turn, these strategies have to be related to the exclusion, persecution and segregation that Spanish Gypsies have suffered for centuries

Childhood Obesity and its Influence on Sleep Disorders: Kids-Play Study

Background: Sleep disorders are associated with overweight and obese children, and could decrease life quality with limitations to normal daily activities. The purpose of the study is to describe the prevalence of sleep disorders in a cohort of overweight/obese children using respiratory polygraphy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Granada (Spain) on a sample of 98 children with overweight or obesity. The presence of sleep disorders was determined by respiratory polygraphy. Results: Regarding apnoea–hypopnea-index (AHI) results, 44% of a ected children had severe sleep apnoea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS), and the remaining 56% had a mild form of the disorder. With respect to oxygen-desaturation index, 56% of the same group had severe SAHS, 32% had mild SAHS, and the remaining 12% did not su er from SAHS. Among participants, average scores of 13.8 obstructive apnoea, 7.7 central apnoea, and 13.6 hypopnoea were recorded. Conclusions: Respiratory polygraphy can provide conclusive results in the diagnosis of SAHS in overweight/obese children. Interventional programmes designed and implemented to reduce overweight and obesity can improve quality of sleep and life in children

The impact index of the spanish nursing journals in the year 2002 and it's evolution from the year 1993

OBJETIVOS. Elaborar el índice de impacto de las revistas españolas de enfermería para el año 2002 y estudiar su evolución desde el año 1993. DISEÑO. Estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo retrospectivo de la bibliografía de los artículos de 20 revistas de enfermería españolas editadas en el año 2002. REVISTAS FUENTE. Se han incluido 20 revistas de enfermería, generales y especializadas, editadas por empresas comerciales, Sociedades Científicas, Hospitales y Colegios de Enfermería. CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN Y EXCLUSIÓN DE ARTÍCULOS. Se han incluido todos los artículos de revista con bibliografía. Se excluye de manera sistemática la tipología de Entrevista y de manera selectiva las cartas al director y las editoriales. VARIABLES E INDICADORES. Variables: número de artículos por revista, número de citas que recibe cada revista, número de autocitas y fecha de publicación del artículo citado. Indicadores: Impacto Histórico (FIh), Impacto Histórico excluyendo Autocitas (FIh-a), e Impacto Inmediato (FIi). RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN. Los resultados muestran un incremento de las citas a la revistas fuente respecto a estudios previos. Index de Enfermería es la revista con mayor Impacto inmediato (FIi), mientras que Enfermería Clínica se consolida como la revista de mayor Impacto Histórico (FIh).AIMS. The aim of this study is to do the Impact Index of the Spanish nursing journals in the year 2002, as well as the study of its evolution from the year 1993. DESIGN. Descriptive retrospective, bibliometric study of the bibliography of the articles from 20 Spanish nursing journals published in the year 2002. SOURCES. 20 general and specialized nursing journals have been included, edited by commercial firms, scientific societies, hospitals and nursing associations. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA. All the articles from journals with bibliography have been included. The typology of interviews is excluded systematically and letters to the directors and editorial are excluded selectively. VARIABLES AND INDICATORS. Variables: Number of articles in each journals, number of references which each journal receives, number of auto references, and the date of publication of the cited articles. Indicators: History Impact (FIh), History Impact excluding auto references (FIh-a), Immediate Impact (FIi). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The results show an increase of the references to the Spanish nursing journals in comparison with previous research studies. Index de Enfermería is the journal with the best Immediate Impact (FIi), meanwhile Enfermería Clínica consolidated as the journal with the best History Impact (FIh)

Influence of a Water-Based Exercise Program in the Rate of Spontaneous Birth: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The authors are very grateful for the collaboration received in the financing of the publication with the San Cecilio Clinical Universitary Hospital of Granada and especially thank the collaboration with the Research Coordinator of the San Cecilio Clinical University Hospital. The University of Granada collaborated by facilitating the pool facilities at the Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences.Introduction: Many women change their lifestyles and habits when they become pregnant, to avoid potentially harmful effects to themselves and their babies. This is especially so with respect to physical exercise, which is often greatly reduced due to ignorance of the benefits it provides during pregnancy. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of spontaneous birth among women who participated in a water-based physical exercise program. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with a sample of 129 pregnant women (Control Group, CG = 64; Exercise Group, EG = 65). A physical exercise protocol, specifically designed for pregnant women, was created and applied. Those in the EG performed 60 min exercise sessions, three times per week for 17 weeks. The participants in the CG received routine check-ups and advice throughout their pregnancy. Findings: The women in the EG presented better results for the onset of spontaneous birth (OR = 2.060 (0.980–4.332)) and for neonate Apgar score of 10 at five minutes (OR = 8.53 (3.60–20.17)). Those who had normal weight at the start of pregnancy achieved better results for spontaneous delivery (OR = 2.099 (1.017–4.335)) than those with overweight/obesity. The rate of caesarean delivery was higher in the women with overweight/obesity (OR = 3.570 ((1.226–10.397)) than in those with normal weight. Conclusions: In our study, the women who followed the water-based exercise program gained less weight during pregnancy, which facilitated a better rate of spontaneous, non-instrumental childbirth, together with a better Apgar test score at five minutes

Evaluación del estado nutricional en pacientes trasplantados renales durante 5 años de seguimiento

Introducción: El aumento de peso y la malnutrición después del trasplante renal es frecuente, y el sobrepeso y la obesidad resultante se asocia con complicaciones graves de salud. Por el contrario, la prevalencia de la desnutrición en pacientes con trasplante renal y sus efectos en el resultado del trasplante de riñón se subestima. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el estado nutricional de pacientes trasplantados renales y determinar si en el periodo de cinco años de seguimiento, estos pacientes sufren alteraciones que sugieran deterioro nutricional. Métodos: La muestras estuvo formada por 119 pacientes trasplantados renales, que asistieron durante cinco años a la consulta postrasplante. A todos los pacientes se realizaron determinaciones de colesterol total, lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), concentraciones de triglicéridos y ferritina (Ft), y se les efectuaron mediciones antropométricas de peso, altura e IMC. Los pacientes fueron divididos en tres grupos según la tasa de filtración glomerular : Grupo 1: < 60 mL/min, Grupo 2: 89–60 mL/min Grupo 3: ≥ 90 mL/min. Resultados: El peso e IMC tiende a disminuir en el grupo 3 mientras aumenta en el resto de grupos. Se produce una disminución de Colesterol total, HDL, LDL, Trigliceridos y Ferritina menos acusado en el grupo 3. Conclusiones: Tras cinco años se puede observar una reducción significativa de los parametros bioquímicos nutricionales en general, así mismo el estado nutricional esta estrechamente relacionado y es directamente proporcional a la función del injerto.Introduction: Weight gain and malnutrition after kidney transplantation is common and the resulting overweight and obesity is associated with serious health complications. By contrast, the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with renal transplantation and its impact on the outcome of kidney transplantation is underestimated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of renal transplant patients and determine if the five-year follow-up, these patients undergo alterations that suggest nutritional deterioration. Methods: The sample consisted of 119 renal transplant patients who attended for five years post-transplant consultation. All patients measurements of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and ferritin (Ft) were performed. and anthropometric measurements were made of weight, height and BMI. Patients were divided into three groups according to GFR Group 1: <60 mL / min, Group 2: 89-60 mL / min Group 3: ≥ 90 mL / min. Results: The weight and BMI tended to decrease in group 3 while increasing in the other groups. A decrease in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides and Ferritin less pronounced in group 3 occurs. Conclusions: After five years you can see a significant reduction in nutritional biochemical parameters in general, likewise the nutritional status is closely related, and is directly proportional to the function of the graft

Proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje mediante metodologías activas y gamificación intercampus

En el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior se presenta una metodología docente que trata de adaptarse a las peculiaridades de una asignatura (Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria) del grado de Enfermería. Integrando al alumnado en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para tratar de mejorarlo. Actualmente vivimos en la era de la información. Por ello, todo lo que no esté enfocado en las nuevas tecnologías supone una realidad monótona. Esta situación genera falta de motivación en estudiantes que reciben clases teóricas tradicionales. Una solución ante esta problemática es el uso de la gamificación, que se define como una estrategia de enseñanza en la que se utilizan herramientas propias de los juegos en entornos no lúdicos como el educativo. El principal objetivo fue mejorar e incrementar del aprendizaje y rendimiento académico del alumnado de segundo curso de Enfermería que cursa Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria tanto en el campus de Granada como en el de Ceuta y Melilla, aunque finalmente en Ceuta no se pude desarrollar completamente. Uno de los resultados de este proyecto ha sido la generación de una serie de rutinas específicas que han permitido al alumnado avanzar en el proceso de aprendizaje de manera autónoma y aprovechar las horas presenciales en clase para interiorizar y reforzar los conceptos. El objetivo final de cualquier enseñanza, especialmente la universitaria, es que el alumnado adquiera una serie de habilidades y competencias que le sirvan para incorporarse de forma adecuada y lo más formados posible, al mercado laboral. Tras el análisis, diagnóstico de la materia y pilotaje de un proyecto anterior, con este proyecto se han introducido técnicas innovadoras que facilitan el autoaprendizaje. Destacando la utilización de entornos virtuales para el aprendizaje autónomo, role-play con ejemplos reales, un nuevo sistema de evaluación inicial, continúa y final utilizando la gamificación y discusión de los resultados. Todas estas metodologías activas promueven la utilización de herramientas comunicativas y de interacción entre los estudiantes, y entre estudiantes y docentes. Se trata de una experiencia que posteriormente podría extrapolarse a otras asignaturas de dicho grado o de otros si se considerase pertinente.Universidad de Granad

Un siglo de matrimonios consanguíneos en la archidiócesis de Granada (1900-1999). Un análisis antropológico

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Antropología Socia

The Evolution of Consanguineous Marriages in the Archdiocese of Granada, Spain (1900–1979)

In the 20th century Spain maintained some of the highest rates of consanguineous marriage in Europe. In many regions these rates were still high in the 1950s and 1960s but then decreased rapidly, and by the 1970s a generalized transformation in mating patterns was under way. In the following decades the marriage of persons closely related by birth became rare. Consanguinity and inbreeding have been much studied in Spain but almost exclusively in the central and northern regions of the country. This is the first study of a whole large diocese in the southern region of Andalusia. This article is based on the analysis of 15,440 records of consanguineous unions registered between 1900 and 1979 in the Archbishopric of Granada in Andalusia. In this period, the rate of consanguinity up to second cousins was 5.51%, and the mean coefficient of inbreeding, α, was 2.04 × 10−3. There is a high range of variability within the research area: the rate of consanguinity was more than three times higher in rural areas (6.74%; α = 2.44 × 10−3) than in the capital city (2.03%; α = 0.93 × 10−3). There was a high frequency of unions between first cousins and first cousins once removed. These amounted to 35.3% and 13% of all consanguineous marriages, respectively, and contributed to 70% of α-values. Consanguinity here has been strongly related to local endogamy. Thus, 76% of all consanguineous couples were born in the same locality, and 89% resided in the same locality at marriage. By the end of the 1960s premarital migration increased and local endogamy started to decrease. On the other hand, inbreeding is inversely related to spatial endogamy. The more inbred couples, such as uncles-nieces (C12) or first cousins (C22), show significantly higher exogamy rates than second cousins (C33) and third cousins (C44), and higher rates of premarital migration. Neither males nor females in intrafamily unions seem to be significantly younger than those in nonconsanguineous unions. Considering their temporal evolution, consanguinity rates increased in the first third of the century, reaching a maximum in the late 1920s, when over 7.4% of all marriages were consanguineous (8.3% for the rural areas), and the resulting α-value was the highest of the century (α = 2.71 × 10−3 for the whole diocese; α = 3.00 × 10−3 for the rural areas). Rates of inbreeding remained high until the 1950s and decreased thereafter in a period of accelerated emigration to cities, urbanization, industrialization, and social modernization. Overall, levels of inbreeding are similar and sometimes larger than those found in dioceses in the northwest of Spain, although marriages between uncle and niece were less common. Some of the counties in the diocese had very high consanguinity levels, not only the isolated area of La Alpujarra, previously studied, but also other ecological and historical microregions (comarcas). These results indicate that the widely accepted north-south divisions of the Iberian Peninsula in terms of consanguinity and inbreeding patterns require considerable reevaluation

Between husband and wife. Ecclesiastic discourse on the causes of dispensation of consanguineal marriages held in the diocese of Granada, Spain (1892-1963)

Utilizando los expedientes matrimoniales de la diócesis de Granada, donde hemos encontrado información precisa sobre 13.947 uniones consanguíneas celebrados entre 1892 y 1963, en este artículo analizamos el proceso de control y regulación del matrimonio que ejerció la Iglesia católica en ese período, analizando las causas que se alegan para solicitar la dispensa de este "impedimento" matrimonial. Este artículo forma parte de un proyecto más amplio en el que hemos analizado un siglo de dispensas eclesiásticas en esta provincia. Se trata de la primera reconstrucción realizada sobre este tema en una diócesis andaluza completa y en un período tan dilatado. En este artículo nos centramos en los años entre 1892 y 1963 porque en este período la frecuencia de los matrimonios consanguíneos alcanzó un máximo histórico nunca antes conocido.In this paper, we use data from the 13,947 consanguinity dispensations granted in the diocese of Granada (southern Spain) from 1892 to 1963. In this period, consanguineal marriages increased to reach the highest historical level. Thus, between 1920 and 1935, around 7% of all marriages involved second cousins or closer kin, and over 2.5%, first cousins. In the 1960s, the frequency of these unions decreased rapidly. Moreover, in this period in Spain, almost all marriages were held by Catholic rite. In this paper, we analyse one aspect of the dispensation requests that have received little attention: the causes that the couples cited to gain the dispensation. In most files, these motives followed a formula and contained one or several of nine major groups considered as accepted motives for dispensation.Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granad

Impact of journal cited by spanish nurses (2002)

OBJETIVO. Elaborar el índice de citas a revistas extranjeras de enfermería en el año 2002 y analizar su evolución desde la primera mitad de la década de los 90. MÉTODOS. Estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo retrospectivo de la bibliografía de los artículos de 20 revistas de enfermería españolas editadas en el año 2002. Se han incluido todos los artículos con bibliografía, excluyéndose de manera sistemática la tipología de Entrevista y de manera selectiva las cartas al director y las editoriales. VARIABLES. nombre de la revista citada, número de citas recibidas por revista y lugar - país- de edición. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN. Se observa un incremento progresivo del número de citas y de títulos de revistas extranjeras de enfermería, lo que indica que la enfermería española no está aislada del producto generado por otras comunidades científicas. Los resultados muestran la incorporación de revistas iberoamericanas de enfermería, destacando que la selección de estas revistas citadas por las enfermeras españolas son las más visibles y con mayor impacto en las comunidades científicas de origen, además de ser las que CUIDEN indiza de manera exhaustiva. Finalmente, se detecta un carácter más internacional de las revistas anglosajonas de enfermería citadas en el 2002 con respecto a los años anteriores.AIMS. To elaborate the reference index to foreign nursing journals in 2002 and analyse its evolution since the middle of the 1990s. DESIGN. Descriptive retrospective, bibliometric study of the bibliography of the articles from 20 Spanish nursing journals published in the year 2002. All the articles from journals with bibliography have been included. The typology of interviews is excluded systematically and letters to the directors and editorial are excluded selectively. VARIABLES. Title of the cited journal, number of references received per journal and place - country - of edition. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A progressive increase of the number of references and titles of foreign nursing journals are observed, which indicates that Spanish nursing is not isolated from the product generated by other scientific communities. The results show the incorporation of Latin American nursing journals, emphasizing that the selection of these journals mentioned by Spanish nurses are the most visible and with greatest impact in the origin scientist communities, besides being included in CUIDEN in an exhaustive way. Finally, it is detected that Anglo-Saxon nursing journals were more international in 2002 than in the previous years