3 research outputs found
The psychosocial selfâefficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Publisher's version (Ăștgefin grein)Aim: To analyse psychosocial selfâefficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, evaluâ
ate associations between selfâefficacy and metabolic control and background variaâ
bles and determine psychometric properties of the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment
Scale (FinâDESâ28).
Design: A descriptive correlational survey.
Methods: The data were collected with the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale
from 13â16âyearâold adolescents with type 1 diabetes (N = 189, 34%) in one univerâ
sity hospital district area in 2014.
Results: The level of psychosocial selfâefficacy was quite good. The highest scores
were in managing the psychosocial aspects of diabetes, followed by assessing disâ
satisfaction and readiness to change and setting and achieving diabetes goals. The
selfâefficacy did not correlate with metabolic control or background variables. A
positive association was found between selfâefficacy and understanding of diabetes
and its treatment, adjustment of diabetes to life and the relationship with the doctor
and the nurse. The internal consistency of the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale
was adequate. The low response rate limits generalization.Peer reviewe
DNA methylation differences within INS, PTPN22 and IL2RA promoters in lymphocyte subsets in children with type 1 diabetes and controls
Abstract
We elucidated the effect of four known T1D-susceptibility associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in three genes (rs12722495 and rs2104286 in IL2RA, rs689 in INS and rs2476601 in PTPN22) on CpG site methylation of their proximal promoters in different lymphocyte subsets using pyrosequencing. The study cohort comprised 25 children with newly diagnosed T1D and 25 matched healthy controls. The rs689 SNP was associated with methylation at four CpG sites in INS promoter: â234, â206, â102 and â69. At all four CpG sites, the susceptibility genotype AA was associated with a higher methylation level compared to the other genotypes. We also found an association between rs12722495 and methylation at CpG sites â373 and â356 in IL2RA promoter in B cells, where the risk genotype AA was associated with lower methylation level compared to the AG genotype. The other SNPs analyzed did not demonstrate significant associations with CpG site methylation in the examined genes. Additionally, we compared the methylation between children with T1D and controls, and found statistically significant methylation differences at CpG â135 in INS in CD8+ T cells (pâ=â0.034), where T1D patients had a slightly higher methylation compared to controls (87.3â±â7.2 vs. 78.8â±â8.9). At the other CpG sites analyzed, the methylation was similar. Our results not only confirm the association between INS methylation and rs689 discovered in earlier studies but also report this association in sorted immune cells. We also report an association between rs12722495 and IL2RA promoter methylation in B cells. These results suggest that at least part of the genetic effect of rs689 and rs12722495 on T1D pathogenesis may be conveyed by DNA methylation
Evaluation of plasma IL-21 as a potential biomarker for type 1 diabetes progression
Abstract
IL-21 is a multifunctional cytokine linked with the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. In this study, our aim was to examine plasma IL-21 levels in individuals at different stages of type 1 diabetes progression. We measured plasma IL-21 levels, as well as levels of other key pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, TNF-α and IL-6), from 37 adults with established type 1 diabetes and 46 healthy age-matched adult controls, as well as from 53 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, 48 at-risk children positive for type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies and 123 healthy age-matched pediatric controls using the ultrasensitive Quanterix SiMoA technology. Adults with established type 1 diabetes had higher plasma IL-21 levels compared to healthy controls. However, the plasma IL-21 levels showed no statistically significant correlation with clinical variables, such as BMI, C-peptide, HbA1c, or hsCRP levels, evaluated in parallel. In children, plasma IL-21 levels were almost ten times higher than in adults. However, no significant differences in plasma IL-21 levels were detected between healthy children, autoantibody-positive at-risk children, and children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. In conclusion, plasma IL-21 levels in adults with established type 1 diabetes were increased, which may be associated with autoimmunity. The physiologically high plasma IL-21 levels in children may, however, reduce the potential of IL-21 as a biomarker for autoimmunity in pediatric subjects