APPLICATION OF NIR TECHNIQUE FOR RAW MEAT COMPOSITION CONTROL

Rapid instrumental water, fat and protein analysis in raw pork and beef has been developed based on NIR technique for in plant production control of standard composition of sausage products. Diffuse reflection spectra of the homogenized samples were measured in near infrared with an INFRAPID-61 type instrument and different predicting equations were constructed by multiple linear regression methods describing the composition of unknown meat samples as multi variable functions of spectral data. The method was checked by control sample population and the accuracy was characterized by statistical accuracy parameters. 1.4 mass % standard error and 0.1 mass % mean difference for moisture control in 20-75 mass % range, 3.2 mass % standard error and 0.2 mass ~~ mean difference for fat control in 0-75 mass % range and 1.2 mass % standard error and 0.3 mass % mean difference for protein control in 6-24 mass % range were found by predicting composition of unknown samples. The calibrated instrument was installed in Debrecen Meat Factory and operates properly in practice

R&D Process Management in Academic Environment

The mission of the Knowledge Center is to collect and provide information for partners belonging to the corporate body as well as to create new knowledge in the area of vehicle electronics and mechatronics. Consortium partners cover the whole chain of innovation from basic research to product development and marketing. The Knowledge Center positions itself as an interim body between the academic world and the market economy, bringing market and product centric issues into the system of higher education, moreover, promoting the utilization of the most recent vehicle technology in industry. Its goal is to become one of the most appreciable development and service centers in Europe in the area of vehicle electronics and mechatronics.

Development strategy for sustainable transportation: towards intelligent systems

In the paper there the structure and build-up of transportation systems, their development, and especially, the needs established by the society that motivate the continuous expansion of such systems will be outlined. The development is determined by the four participants (``components´´) of these systems, namely by the human beings, vehicles, infrastructure and regulations. The principal element of the process is man with his demands for mobility and transportation. These demands can be satisfied by manufacturers who produce the desired vehicles. The response time of manufacturers is much shorter than the development of infrastructure; however, the latter is also essential in order to serve transportation processes. The low flexibility of infrastructure is partly caused by the huge amount of necessary investment, and also by the complex ownership relations. The last element that usually appears with delay compared to the other three is the regulation system (laws, standards, specifications etc.), and it also expresses the needs of the society as long as the development - motivated by social demands - sometimes conflicts with other needs, i.e. the needs for safety or for the protection of environment. This contradiction finally closes the ``control loop´´, and actuates the evolution of transportation systems

On qualitative and operational reliability of electronic brake systems for heavy duty vehicles

The development of the safety critical systems of future commercial vehicles is mainly driven by the social demand, that the societies want to see safer, more reliable vehicles on the roads, which can also handle more complex situations than human driver can. It is questioned whether the approaches of the classical reliability theory are appropriate for redundant electronic systems, especially if they have a safety-critical nature, such as the electronic brake system, which has been used in commercial vehicles in Europe for almost a decade

Chemical etching of titanium samples

We studied chemical etching treatment on the surface of titanium implant materials, specifically 2 mm thick Grade 2 and nanoparticulate titanium discs, aiming to modify the surface roughness of samples. For chemical etching we investigated changes in reaction time on the surface (15-600 seconds). During the research we obtained the changes of thickness, mass and the surface roughness on both sides of every disc after the acid etching. The resulting surface was examined with optical stereo and reflected-light microscopy and electron microscopy. As a result we found that the optimal etching parameters are an etching time of 30 seconds, etching solution of 9 V/V% hydrofluoric acid, 12 V/V% nitric acid and distilled water and a temperature of 30°C, because with this protocol the burr from milling detaches from the surface

Riesz Bases in Control Theory

In this paper we examine the reachable states of motion of a vibrating string, starting from given initial and boundary conditions and driving the string by an appropriate u(t) control force which is an element of a specified function field. The motion is described using Fourier methodology. The convergence of the series expansion is examined for different function classes. This requires spectral-theoretical studies to become acquainted with the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues

Anodisation of medical grade titanium

In recent years the number of titanium dental implants in use has significantly increased. At the same time bacterial infection of implants has become more common. The goal of our study was to develop a titanium-dioxide layer on the surface of titanium implant materials by anodisation with a view to impeding the attachment of contagious bacteria. In our experiments Grade 2 titanium and nanograin Grade 2 titanium discs were subjected to anodisation. We investigated the effect of voltage on the surface pattern of emerging titanium-dioxide. We examined the surfaces by reflected-light microscopy. We found that the value of the applied voltage and variation in grain size affected the thickness of the formed titanium-dioxide layer. These layers may promote or support desired forms of biological activity, such as cell attachment to integrate with bone

Hibadetektálás korszerű analitikus módszerei járműipari alkalmazásokkal = Advanced analytic methods to fault detection with application to vehicle systems

1) A rendszer modelljének invertálásán alapuló detektálószűrők tulajdonságainak kutatása során kapott eredmények, ideértve elsősorban az inverz geometriai tulajdonságait és az inverz dinamika előállítására vonatkozó módszereket, lehetővé tették az optimális zavargyengítés módszerének a zavarokkal terhelt hibahatások teljes szétcsatolása révén történő alkalmazását az irodalom által eddig nem ismert módokon. Ezzel kapcsolatos legfontosabb eredményünk az inverz dinamikájának on-line becslésére épülő H-infinity optimális szűrés módszerének kidolgozása volt, ami jelentős nemzetközi visszhangot kiváltó, elismert, új tudományos eredmények megalkotásához vezetett. 2) A szakterület kutatóit általánosan érintő jelentős tudományos eredmény a Draper Lab. munkatársaival végzett kutatási tevékenység révén született folyóirat közlemény, amely a dinamikus rendszerekben és a kép illetve jelfeldolgozásban használatos detektálási módszerek eddig különállónak vélt elméleti módszereit helyezi közös alapokra, az invariáns alterek geometriai elméletének közös alapjaira. 3) Jelentős érdeklődést kiváltó eredményünk az elosztott dinamikus rendszerekben az állapotbecslés hibatűrésének és performancia mutatóinak javítására alkalmazható elosztott szűrési módszer kidolgozása, amely a szövetségi (federated) szűrőbankok továbbfejlesztése révén jött létre. | 1) The novel theory of detection filters, based on the idea of direct input reconstruction, which relies on the inverse representation of the system, can be used to construct novel filter structures, such as those which combine the advantages of optimal disturbance suppression and exact fault decoupling. The research also helped to clarify the geometric principles of the inverse. The algebraic-geometric methods can be used for the construction of the inverse. The most important result is the development of the H-infinity filtering method which is capable for optimally enhanced disturbance cancellation and exact fault decoupling based on the estimation of the inverse state. 2) The joint research with co-workers at Draper Laboratory has revealed a number of methodological parallelisms and similarities, as well as differences, in the game theoretic, stochastic, and geometric subspace formulations and solution approaches to robust detection in dynamic systems and in signal processing. It is a synthesizing result deserving the attention of both the control and the signal processing community. 3) The decentralized approach to state estimation of distributed dynamical systems over unreliable communication networks subject to uncertain and limited measurements has been addressed by federated filtering. The solution enhances fault tolerance and filter performance in sparsely distributed dynamical systems