Different ventilatory responses to progressive maximal exercise test performed with either the arms or legs

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare respiratory responses, focusing on the time-domain variability of ventilatory components during progressive cardiopulmonary exercise tests performed on cycle or arm ergometers. METHODS: The cardiopulmonary exercise tests were conducted on twelve healthy volunteers on either a cycle ergometer or an arm ergometer following a ramp protocol. The time-domain variabilities (the standard deviations and root mean squares of the successive differences) of the minute ventilation, tidal volume and respiratory rate were calculated and normalized to the number of breaths. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the timing of breathing throughout the exercise when the cycle and arm ergometer measurements were compared. However, the arm exercise time-domain variabilities for the minute ventilation, tidal volume and respiratory rate were significantly greater than the equivalent values obtained during leg exercise. CONCLUSION: Although the type of exercise does not influence the timing of breathing when dynamic arm and leg exercises are compared, it does influence time-domain ventilatory variability of young, healthy individuals. The mechanisms that influence ventilatory variability during exercise remain to be studied

Acid vapor sample decomposition in open vessel microwave.

Micrawave decomposition has been increasingly used hr a large number of samples. A method using an open vessel microwave was used for biological sample preparation with nitric acid vapors under atmospheric pressure. A lab made Teflon@ support suited with four cups, which received the samples, was inserted in the microwave vessel. These cups were used to weight 30 mg of certi5ed re5wence materials such as spinach and apple leaves, which received 150 pL of d.i. water to improve the micrawave e%ciency. This mixture was exposed to acid vapor stemmed from 15 mL of concentrated nitrie acid plsced in the bottom of the vessel hr decompoeition. The maximum microwave temperature, 115'C, was reached in 4 min. This condition was rnaintained hr 20 min to sllow complete decomposition of the sample. The deeomposed sample, in the cup, was diluted to 1.0 mL of d.i. water, shaken and centrifuged. The cups were than placed directed into an autosampler for Co and Fe analysis in an atomic absorption graphite fumace spectrometer

Preparo de soluções.

Introdução; Cuidados gerais no preparo das soluções; Concentração de soluções; Diluição de soluções; Transformações mais usadas; exercicios sobre calculos de soluções;bitstream/CNPA-2009-09/14619/1/CIRTEC42.pd

Feline lungworm infection. An emerging concern?

Infectious feline upper respiratory tract disease is very common and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most often diagnosed parasitic cause, although clinical signs may go unnoticed and diagnosis is challenging as it has several limitations. Noting that more cases have been recorded in recent years, the authors, in the present work, describe in detail the features of five cases of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus registered in their work and influence area, to alert animal health professionals to this emerging concern.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Canine hair follicular tumours: a retrospective study

Hair follicular tumours in dog comprise a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that display morphological features resembling one or several portions of the normal hair follicle which constitute a huge effort for its diagnosis. Histopathological evaluation is required to better characterize the different types of canine hair follicular tumours, in order to better understand its biological behaviour and to collaborate with the daily clinical practice. Thus, a retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with goal of analyse its frequency and characteristics, in order to contribute to a better understanding of this vast group of tumours. As main results the authors verified a higher incidence of follicular tumours in male dogs, being the most frequent types diagnosed trichoepithelioma, followed by, trichoblastoma, infundibular keratinizing acanthoma and pilomatricoma and the average age of dogs was 8.76 years. Also, malignant tumours represented 31.6% of all canine hair follicular tumours diagnosed (n= 114).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Composition of brazilian phosphate rocks used for cattle feed supplement.

Pbospbate rocks cünstitute lhe bulk of the raw materiaIs for the manufacture fertilizers and some phosphorus b-ased chemicals. !t is well known that natural pbosphate a great varíation of heavy melaIs, and some of lhem, depending of tlleir cOllcentratÍon, present nutritional lmd environmental problems [1]