Karyomorphological studies inDrimiopsis kirkii baker

Karyomorphological studies in a local population ofD. kirkii have revealed the somatic chromosome number of 2n=68. This is a new number and has made the cytological situation in the genus more complex in respect of the basic chromosome number. The chromosomes form a graded series with 4 pairs of satellited chromosomes. On the basis of the present observations a tetraploid level of a complex category has been suggested for this species. An analysis of meiotic stages and the chromosome number in the pollen grains is suggestive of the presence of 1–4 supernumerary chromosomes in the genome of the taxon

Karyomorphological studies in Drimiopsis kirkii baker

Karyomorphological studies in a local population ofD. kirkii have revealed the somatic chromosome number of 2n=68. This is a new number and has made the cytological situation in the genus more complex in respect of the basic chromosome number. The chromosomes form a graded series with 4 pairs of satellited chromosomes. On the basis of the present observations a tetraploid level of a complex category has been suggested for this species. An analysis of meiotic stages and the chromosome number in the pollen grains is suggestive of the presence of 1–4 supernumerary chromosomes in the genome of the taxon

Swing Game in Pillaithamizh Literature

The time when man used to live in harmony with nature has changed and the life of living with machines has started. Due to this, we have lost our happiness, sleep, physical health etc. and as a gift we are receiving many types of unknown diseases. Since ancient times, Tamil people have given importance to sports and many games which are very helpful in maintaining health. So, they could live longer without disease. Games brings out the spirit of giving up and equanimity of success and failure among children. In ancient times, they used to catch the tentacles of the banyan tree and play. Then they tied ropes to the trees and played. Everything around the world changes according to the current changing environment. The swing occupies a special place not only in the worship of men but also in the worship of God. Thus, the article overall describes about the games that are played during the ancient period and particularly about swing game

A Comparative study of Transvaginal Ultrasound and Bishop’s Score for Preinduction Cervical Assessment

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With the increasing rate of cesarean section, there is increasing awareness in ways to reduce the primary cesarean section rate. Failed induction being one of the causes of cesarean section, is associated with very many complications both maternal and fetal. By appropriate selection of candidates by an ideal method for induction of labour, these complications may be avoided. The traditionally used Bishop’s scoring system is highly subjective and associated with varying results. Hence is the need for a more objective method of preinduction cervical assessment. METHODOLOGY: 150 nulliparous women admitted at Government Rajaji Hospital who were planned for induction of labour for various indications were selected in random. They were assessed by the obstetrician for obstetric examination and Bishop’s score estimation. The same set of patients were subjected to transvaginal sonography for assessing three parameters which are actually few of the five components of Bishop’s score, cervical length, posterior cervical angle and percentage of funneling. The transvaginal sonographic parameters were measured and recorded. The outcome of the labour followed up. The induction- delivery interval noted down. If the induction delivery interval is more than 24 hours irrespective of the mode of delivery or if the mode of delivery was cesarean section irrespective of the induction delivery interval, the outcome is considered as failure. RESULTS: Among the 150 women, there is found to be a significant preinduction cervical assessment by Bishop’s score (p-value <0.05) as compared to transvaginal sonographic parameter with p-value < 0.001. Cervical length with a cutoff of 30mm has a sensitivity (86.07) and positive predictive value (88.24) better than Bishop’s score in preinduction cervical assessment. Posterior cervical angle is more specific than Bishop’s score evident by the ROC curve. Percentage of funneling is more sensitive(82), specific(82.14) and has a higher positive predictive value (92.54) than Bishop’s score. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal sonography is a more significant and objective method for preinduction cervical assessment. The parameters measured are cervical length, posterior cervical angle and percentage of funneling are also significant in preinduction cervical assessment. The comprehensive transvaginal score is more significant in preinduction cervical assessment than Bishop’s score.(p-value < 0.001)

Prediction Of Heart Disease And Diabetes Using Machine Learning

Healthcare technology is changing. The use of algorithms for increasingly important tasks is spreading across the healthcare sector. A new generation of machine learning algorithms that promise to inform diagnosis and assist in treatment are emerging. Machine Learning can play an essential role in predicting presence/absence of chronic disorders, heart diseases and more. Such information, if predicted well in advance, can provide important insights to doctors who can then adapt their diagnosis and treatment per patient basis. This paper deals with designing, developing and implementing prediction systems for diabetes and heart disease using machine learning algorithms

A clinical study of effect of standard labour protocols on rates of primary caesarean section at a tertiary care centre, Madurai, India

Background: Caesarean section rates are on the rise all over the world. Primary caesarean section usually determines the future obstetric course of any woman and therefore should be avoided whenever possible. WHO recommended that caesarean rates should not be more than 15 %. In this view we started our study on how to reduce the rate of Primary caesarean section in Tertiary Care Centre, Madurai, India. The objective of the present study was to evaluate how the implementation of universally acceptable standards affects rates of primary caesarean section rates without compromising maternal and foetal safetyMethods: This a comparative study on the effect of standard labour protocols and guidelines devised after audit of cases from January 2017 to June 2017, on the rate of primary caesarean section rates, induction of labour, failed induction, maternal and fetal outcomes before and after the implementation of the guidelines.Results: Primary caesarean section rates from 52.85% to 45.02% noted in the induced cases. There were no significant adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.Conclusions: Implementation of standard labour protocols can reduce primary caesarean section rate without compromising maternal or foetal safety

Aromatic interactions in tryptophan-containing peptides: crystal structures of model tryptophan peptides and phenylalanine analogs

The crystal structures of the peptides, Boc-Leu-Trp-Val-OMe (1), Ac-Leu-Trp-Val-OMe (2a and 2b), Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (3), Ac-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (4), and Boc-Ala-Aib-Leu-Trp-Val-OMe (5) have been determined by X-ray diffraction in order to explore the nature of interactions between aromatic rings, specifically the indole side chain of Trp residues. Peptide 1 adopts a type I &#946;-turn conformation stabilized by an intramolecular 4&#8594;1 hydrogen bond. Molecules of 1 pack into helical columns stabilized by two intermolecular hydrogen bonds, Leu(1)NH...O(2)Trp(2) and IndoleNH...O(1)Leu(1). The superhelical columns further pack into the tetragonal space group P43 by means of a continuous network of indole-indole interactions. Peptide 2 crystallizes in two polymorphic forms, P21 (2a) and P212121 (2b). In both forms, the peptide backbone is extended, with antiparallel &#946;-sheet association being observed in crystals. Extended strand conformations and antiparallel &#946;-sheet formation are also observed in the Phe-containing analogs, Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (3) and Ac-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (4). Peptide 5 forms a short stretch of 310-helix. Analysis of aromatic-aromatic and aromatic-amide interactions in the structures of peptides, 1, 2a, 2b are reported along with the examples of 14 Trp-containing peptides from the Cambridge Crystallographic Database. The results suggest that there is no dramatic preference for a preferred orientation of two proximal indole rings. In Trp-containing peptides specific orientations of the indole ring, with respect to the preceding and succeeding peptide units, appear to be preferred in &#946;-turns and extended structures

SYNTHESIS OF 1-BENZOYL-3-PHENYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-4-CARBALDEHYDE AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

Objective: The main objective of this study is to synthesize a series of 1-Benzoyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (4a-e) derivatives and evaluation of the synthesized compounds for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: A series of substituted acetophenones are condensed with hydrazides to the corresponding hydrazones which are subsequently cyclized by using vilsmier-Haack reaction to give final series of 1-Benzoyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (4a-e) derivatives respectively. All newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral data and screened for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Results: In view of the significant biological activity profile of Pyrazole, the synthesized compounds (4a-e) were evaluated for their antioxidant potency by DPPH, Nitric oxide, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, and Hydrogen Peroxide method. Compounds 4c and 4e showed potent antioxidant activity then standard. Synthesized compounds were also screened for anti-inflammatory activity. Among all the molecules 4c, 4e, and 4d showed significant activity as compared to standard drug diclofenac sodium. Conclusion: in this study, we synthesized 1-Benzoyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (4a-e) derivatives. Further, these derivatives showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, two molecules 4c and 4e have shown near action to the standard

Tryptophan-containing peptide helices: Interactions involving the indole side chain

Two designed peptide sequences containing Trp residues at positions i and i + 5 (Boc-Leu-Trp-Val-Ala-Aib-Leu-Trp-Val-OMe, 1) as well as i and i + 6 (Boc-Leu-Trp-Val-Aib-Ala-Aib-Leu-Trp-Val-OMe, 2) containing one and two centrally positioned Aib residues, respectively, for helix nucleation, have been shown to form stable helices in chloroform solutions. Structures derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data reveal six and seven intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded NH groups in peptides 1 and 2, respectively. The helical conformation of octapeptide 1 has also been established in the solid state by X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure reveals an interesting packing motif in which helical columns are stabilized by side chain-backbone hydrogen bonding involving the indole Nε1H of Trp(2) as donor, and an acceptor C=O group from Leu(6) of a neighboring molecule. Helical columns also associate laterally, and strong interactions are observed between the Trp(2) and Trp(7) residues on neighboring molecules. The edge-to-face aromatic interactions between the indoles suggest a potential C-H…π interaction involving the Cζ3H of Trp(2). Concentration dependence of NMR chemical shifts provides evidence for peptide association in solution involving the Trp(2) Nε1H protons, presumably in a manner similar to that observed in the crystal