Effect of basketball specific endurance circuit training on aerobic capacity and heart rate of high school male basketball players

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a basketball specific endurance circuit training on aerobic capacity and heart rate of high school male basketball players. To achieve the purpose of the study twenty four (24) male high school basketball players were selected from Neyveli Lignite Corporation Sports School, Neyveli and St. Joseph Higher Secondary School, Manjakuppam, Cuddalore. These subjects were randomly distributed into two groups namely basketball specific endurance circuit training group (N=12) and control group (N=12). The mean age of the selected players was 16.85 ± 0.67. Aerobic capacity, resting heart rate and peak heart rate were selected as criterion variables. Aerobic capacity was measured by multistage fitness test and resting and peak heart rate was measured using polar heart rate monitor. The basketball specific endurance circuit training was administered 3 days per week for six week. They performed 2 minutes of work at 90 to 95% of targeted heart rate using Karvonen method. They performed 8 repetitions during first and second week, followed by 10 repetitions during third and fourth week and 12 repetitions during fifth and sixth week of training. This was followed by 2 minutes of active resting at 60 to 70% of targeted heart rate. In this study 1:1 work rest ratio was followed. Both the groups were tested before and after training, the collected data was analysed using ANCOVA. The result of the study showed that aerobic capacity, resting heart rate and peak heart rate between the groups was significant, it indicate that after adjusting pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between the two groups on post-test scores. The findings of the study show that significant increase in aerobic capacity and decrease in resting and peak heart rate. It can be concluded that basketball specific endurance circuit training is effective in improving aerobic capacity and increases the cardiovascular fitness of male high school boys during competitive phase

Analysis of Endurance among Different Levels of School Handball Players

The purpose of the study was to analysis endurance among different levels of school handball players. Sixty (60) male players were selected they were divided into three groups (20) twenty in each. They were classified into junior, senior and super senior these boys were selected from AGM Higher secondary school, Thuraiyur. The subjects age range between 10 to 17 years was selected. Endurance was selected as criterion variable and tested by 600 yard run. ANOVA test was used to compare the mean differences between the three groups. The result showed that there was no significant difference existing among these groups on endurance (F = 3.78, p> 0.05). It is concluded that endurance among different levels of handball players remain similar

Evaluation of anaerobic capacity and fatigue index at different times of the day on male handball players

The purpose of the present study was to compare anaerobic capacity and fatigue index at different times of the day on male handball players. To achieve the purpose 29 male handball players were selected from Department of physical Education and Sports Sciences, Annamalai University. Anaerobic capacity and fatigue index was measured by Running based anaerobic sprint test (RAST). The data was collected at four different times of the day at 07:00, 12:00, 17:00 and 22:00 hours. The collected data was analysed using One-Way Repeated Measure ANOVA for comparisons of mean values between four different times of the day. When F is significant pair wise bonferroni comparison was applied to know the difference between different times of the day. The result of the study showed significant difference in anaerobic capacity at different times of the day (F = 5.27, p = 0.002). However, fatigue index showed no significant difference at different times of the day (F = 1.456, p = 0.23). It identified that greater anaerobic capacity elicited during 17:00 hours and decline in power output remained unaltered

Combined Effect of High Intensity Intermittent Training and Weight Training on Aerobic Capacity Anaerobic Capacity and Fatigue Index of Male Handball Players

The purpose of the present study is to assess the combine effect of high intensity training and weight training on aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity and fatigue index of male handball players. Thirty six male handball players were randomly selected from Sports Authority of India, Sports Training Centre (STC), Sarurnagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. These subjects were classified into two groups, namely Group I - Combined training (12) and Group II - Control group (12). The Group I underwent high intensity intermittent training and weight training and Group II acted as control. The selected players had regular practice and took part in competitions. The selected subjects average age, height and weight were 21.55 ± 2.15 years, 170.05 ± 6.98 cm and 64.94 ± 8.50 kg respectively. In the present study we selected aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity and fatigue index as criterion variable which was assessed by multi stage fitness test and running based anaerobic sprint test. High intensity intermittent training and weight training was performed 4 session per weeks (2 session of high intensity intermittent training and 2 session weight training) for 8 weeks respectively. All the selected subjects anaerobic capacity, fatigue index and aerobic capacity was measured before and after 8 weeks of training to respective groups. ANCOVA was applied to know the changes based on training. The result of the study showed that 8 weeks of combined training significantly improved aerobic capacity (F (1,21) = 104.84, p < 0.05), anaerobic capacity (F (1,21) = 20.33,p < 0.05) and fatigue index (F (1,21) = 21.35, p < 0.05) of the handball players after adjusting the pre test. It is concluded that combined training is efficient enough to improve aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity and fatigue index of male handball players

DMAPS: a database of multiple alignments for protein structures

The database of multiple alignments for protein structures (DMAPS) provides instant access to pre-computed multiple structure alignments for all protein structure families in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Protein structure families have been obtained from four distinct classification methods including SCOP, CATH, ENZYME and CE, and multiple structure alignments have been built for all families containing at least three members, using CE-MC software. Currently, multiple structure alignments are available for 3050 SCOP-, 3087 CATH-, 664 ENZYME- and 1707 CE-based families. A web-based query system has been developed to retrieve multiple alignments for these families using the PDB chain ID of any member of a family. Multiple alignments can be viewed or downloaded in six different formats, including JOY/html, TEXT, FASTA, PDB (superimposed coordinates), JOY/postscript and JOY/rtf. DMAPS is accessible online at

A POSSIBLE TSUNAMI IN THE LABRADOR SEA RELATED TO THE DRAINAGE OF GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ ~8400 YEARS B.P.

For thousands of years, the thick Laurentide Ice Sheet covered a large part of northern North America, damming northward-draining rivers. As this ice retreated, large lakes formed along its margin. Glacial Lake Agassiz was the largest of these ice-marginal lakes, covering an area of >800,000 km2 (more than twice the size of the largest lake in the modern world, the Caspian Sea) before it drained catastrophically into the Labrador Sea. Even before that, Lake Agassiz had periodically released large volumes of water into the ocean via the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence and the Athabasca-Mackenzie River systems. The last and largest of these outbursts released >150,000 km3 through Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait in 6-12 months; the average flux over that period was ~5 Sv (1 Sv = 1×106 m3s-1).When a volume of water this large is discharged into a coastal sea like the Labrador Sea, it may generate a surface flood wave or a tsunami if the water mass is large enough and introduced in a short time. To our knowledge no previous calculations have been made to estimate the potential impact of a flood burst on the generation of solitary waves. Using analogies of tsunamis generated by submarine landslides and ocean earthquakes, the amplitude of a Lake Agassiz generated tsunami is estimated to have been at least 2 m. Directionality considerations, as well as the effect of the Coriolis Force in the Northern Hemisphere, suggest that the resulting tsunami probably traveled 50-100 km along the west coast of the Labrador Sea, south of Hudson Strait where the outburst entered the ocean, before being dissipated. The erosional and depositional affects of historic and prehistoric tsunamis are present in the geological record, and provide guidance in seeking evidence for the Lake Agassiz flood burst and subsequent tsunami. This record may be found along the western coast of the Labrador Sea as well as along the shores of Hudson Strait

Molecular docking analysis on 16 therapeutic ligands of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Tulasi) and their prospects in drug design for COVID-19

The PyRx software and Discovery studio were used in the present molecular docking studies of the 16 ligands of Ocimum tenuiflorum L., selected based on their high therapeutic potentials, viz., (E)-6-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-one, Apigenin, Bieugenol, Cirsilineol, Cirsimaritin, β-Caryophyllene epoxide, Dehydrodieugenol B, Eugenol, Ferulaldehyde, Isothymonin, Isothymusin, Linalool, Luteolin, Ocimarin, Rosmarinic acid, and Thymol. Saquinavir was used as a positive control. The binding affinities of the 16 ligands to the main proteases of COVID-19 6LU7 and 6Y2E (critical for viral replication) and their ability to arrest the virus replication were recorded. The binding affinities of the ligands to 6LU7 and 6Y2E ranged from -4.3 and -4.7 kcal/mol (for (E)-6-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-one) to -7.6 (for Rosmarinic acid to both target proteins). While the corresponding values for the control drug Saquinavir were -7.8 and -7.6 respectively. The Rosmarinic acid, in binding with both the proteases (-7.6 and -7.6 kcal/mol) showed six conventional hydrogen bonds, one carbon hydrogen bond (ASP 153 had one conventional hydrogen bond and one carbon hydrogen bond), one Pi-alkyl bond, one Pi-Pi stacked bond, eight van der waals bonds for 6LU7 protease; it formed three conventional hydrogen bonds, two Pi-alkyl bonds, one unfavourable donor – donor bond and 14 van der waals bonds with 6Y2E protease. The control drug – Saquinavir in binding with 6LU7 protease showed 12 van der waals, one alkyl, one Pi-alkyl, one Pi-cation, one Pi-stacked and four conventional hydrogen bonds, which indicates that it has less affinity when compared with Rosmarinic acid. Similarly, the control drug on binding with 6Y2E protease exhibited ten van der waals, four Pi-alkyl, one cation and three hydrogen bonds. The results are in conformity to similar other studies, and herald a promising scope for Rosmarinic acid as lead molecule in the drug discovery for COVID-19

Crisis in the NICU and the Medley with Midazolam

Epidemiologic studies of human patients have revealed a correlation between childhood exposure to general anesthetic and sedative agents and subsequent cognitive deficits. This association is supported by data from animal models, which shows that developmental exposure to both anesthetics and sedatives causes lasting impairments in learning. This study focused on midazolam (MDZ), a common benzodiazepine regularly used as a sedative agent on neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). However, a knowledge gap that remains is how long-term exposure to MDZ during very early stages of life impacts synaptic alterations and neurobiological mechanisms. Elucidation of these mechanisms is of high clinical importance and may develop neuroprotective therapeutic strategies for optimizing outcomes for uniquely vulnerable NICU populations. Using a preclinical rodent model system, we mimicked a dose-escalation regimen from postnatal day 3 (P3) pups until P21 to comprehensively characterize how early-life exposure to MDZ impacts neurodevelopment outcomes at different tiers ─ phenotypic, molecular, behavioral, and high throughput- “omics” levels. Our data demonstrated that repetitive exposure to MDZ at an early age stunts neurodevelopment during the early stages of life disrupts the blood-brain barrier, and alters the synaptic components and neurochemistry, which may be indicative of behavioral deficits at later development. Additionally, our bioinformatics analysis from purified synaptosome identified enrichment of proteins associated with actin-binding and protein depolymerization process. One potential hit identified was alpha adducin (ADD1), belonging to the family of cytoskeleton proteins, upregulated in the MDZ group and whose expression was further validated by western blot. Our study has provided a comprehensive characterization of MDZ effects on development at multiple tiers yielding novel insights on how long-term exposure to MDZ impacts development. Notably, the identification of ADD1 as a potential target and further characterization of its downstream mechanisms can give additional insights into its role as a potential therapeutic for treating neurodevelopmental alterations associated with long-term MDZ use in neonates.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/chri_forum/1056/thumbnail.jp

Transition metal ion (Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) doped defect pyrochlore, KTaTeO6: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic studies

One of the strategies to decrease the bandgap energy and increase the optical absorption ofthe catalysts is to dope with transition metal ions. In this paper, the results obtained for thedegradation of methylene blue (MB) pollutant in the presence of M2+ (M = Ni, Cu, and Zn) doped KTaTeO6 (here after abbreviated as M-KTTO) upon visible light irradiation are presented.The parent KTaTeO6 and the M2+ (M = Ni, Cu, and Zn) doped KTaTeO6 were prepared by solidstate and ion-exchange methods, respectively. All the samples were characterized by XRD,SEM/EDX, FT-IR, UV-Vis DRS, XPS, and PL techniques. The metal ion doping in place of K+has influenced the electronic and optical properties considerably. The doping of M2+ into KTTOlattice has narrowed the bandgap energy, increased the visible light absorbance leading to higherphotocatalytic activity. The M-KTTO materials show higher photocatalytic activity compared toparent KTTO, in particularly Cu-KTTO. The scavenging experiments indicate that •OH radicalsare the main active species involved in the photodegradation of MB. The Cu-KTTO ischemically stable and can be used at least up to five cycles. The mechanistic pathway of MBdegradation was proposed over Cu-KTTO

Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic dye degradation studies of novel defect pyrochlore, KHf0.5Te1.5O6

1092-1099In this study, KHf0.5Te1.5O6 (KHTO) semiconductor has been synthesized by the solid-state method. The synthesized material is characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. The material is found to be crystallized in a cubic lattice with the space group Fdm . The bandgap energy of the KHTO is 2.6 eV. The photocatalytic activity of KHTO has been investigated by measuring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV) dyes under the visible light irradiation. The mechanistic dye degradation pathway of MB has been studied. The radical quenching experiments reveal that the short-lived species O2●-, OH●, and h+ actively participate in the degradation of MB and MV dyes. An additional terephthalic acid experiment has been carried out to establish the participation of OH● radicals in the dye degradation. The stability and reusability of the KHTO catalyst are also studied