Breaking Temporal Consistency: Generating Video Universal Adversarial Perturbations Using Image Models

As video analysis using deep learning models becomes more widespread, the vulnerability of such models to adversarial attacks is becoming a pressing concern. In particular, Universal Adversarial Perturbation (UAP) poses a significant threat, as a single perturbation can mislead deep learning models on entire datasets. We propose a novel video UAP using image data and image model. This enables us to take advantage of the rich image data and image model-based studies available for video applications. However, there is a challenge that image models are limited in their ability to analyze the temporal aspects of videos, which is crucial for a successful video attack. To address this challenge, we introduce the Breaking Temporal Consistency (BTC) method, which is the first attempt to incorporate temporal information into video attacks using image models. We aim to generate adversarial videos that have opposite patterns to the original. Specifically, BTC-UAP minimizes the feature similarity between neighboring frames in videos. Our approach is simple but effective at attacking unseen video models. Additionally, it is applicable to videos of varying lengths and invariant to temporal shifts. Our approach surpasses existing methods in terms of effectiveness on various datasets, including ImageNet, UCF-101, and Kinetics-400.Comment: ICCV 202

Mutagenic activity of river water from a river near textile industrial complex in Korea

The mutagenic activity of XAD-2 adsorbates and water extracts recovered from nine locations of the Kumho River was tested on S. typhimurium TA98 strain to identify the source of the mutagenicity. A sampling site, receiving effluents from the textile industrial complex located in Daegu City, showed extraordinarily high mutagenic activity, especially in the presence of S9 mixture, at all sampling time in both XAD-2 adsorbates and dichloromethane extracts. This indicated the existence of the frame-shift mutagens in the Kumho River, same type of mutagens detected in previous studies by other researchers in the Nakdong River into which the Kumho River discharges. The fractionation study showed that the mutagenic chemicals in the river water are mid-polar. Furthermore, mean tail length obtained by single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) showed consistent dose-dependent DNA damage, indicating that the chemicals in the river water not only act as frame-shift mutagens but also break human lymphocytes DNA strain. Chemical identification of the mutagens should be require

Cytosolic Internalization of Anti-DNA Antibodies by Human Monocytes Induces Production of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Independently of the Tripartite Motif-Containing 21 (TRIM21)-Mediated Pathway

Anti-DNA autoantibodies are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A subset of anti-DNA IgG autoantibodies is cell-internalizable; thus they can enter living cells in the form of free IgG. However, the contribution made by the Fc region of internalized free-form IgG to the cytokine response has not been studied, despite the recent discovery of tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21), a cytosolic Fc receptor involved in immune signaling. This study used an internalizable IgG anti-DNA antibody (3D8) to examine the cytokine responses of human monocytes to the Fc region of cytosolic free IgG. Internalization of 3D8 IgG and a 3D8 single-chain variable fragment-Fc (scFv-Fc) induced production of IL-8 and TNF-α via activation of NF-κB. By contrast, a 3D8 scFv (comprising variable domains alone) did not. This suggests Fc-dependent cytokine signaling. A 3D8 IgG-N434D mutant that is not recognized by TRIM21 induced greater production of cytokines than 3D8 IgG. Moreover the amounts of cytokines induced by 3D8 IgG in TRIM21-knockdown THP-1 cells were higher than those in control cells, indicating that cytokine signaling is not mediated by TRIM21. The results suggest the existence of a novel Fc-dependent signaling pathway that is activated upon internalization of IgG antibodies by human monocytes

Neuropsychological profiles of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: early onset versus late onset

In this study, we assess the neuropsychological profiles of both early and late symptom-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. The early and late-onset OCD patients are compared to the control group with a series of neuropsychological measurements. The late-onset OCD patients exhibited impaired performance on the immediate and the delayed recall conditions of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) and the letter and category fluency of the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA), compared to the normal controls and the early-onset OCD patients. The controls and early-onset OCD patients did not differ on any of the neuropsychological measurements taken in this study. These results suggest that different neurophysiological mechanisms are in play in early and late-onset OCD patients, and age of onset can serve as a potential marker for the subtyping of OCD

Spirulina

Skin regeneration is a complex process involving massive proliferation and alignment of cells, where there are obstacles to completion of regeneration, the main one being excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from inflammation or infection. Spirulina, blue-green algae that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, has been used to relieve such ROS stress. In this study, Spirulina extract loaded PCL (Spirulina-PCL) nanofiber was evaluated as a cutaneous wound dressing in view of antioxidative mechanism. In addition to increasing fibroblast viability, the Spirulina extract and its dressing modulated intra- and extracellular ROS by enhancing antioxidant mechanism of fibroblast under oxidative stress. Finally, in vivo assays confirmed that Spirulina-PCL helps regenerate wounds and enhance regeneration. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that Spirulina and nanofiber have the potential for application to cutaneous wound to facilitate skin regeneration

Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis, recurrence and metastasis

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer with high rate of recurrence and mortality. Diverse aetiological agents and wide heterogeneity in individual tumours impede effective and personalised treatment. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) is a transcriptional cofactor for the expression of proinflammatory genes. Although inflammation is intimately associated with the pathogenesis of HCC, the role of TonEBP is unknown. We aimed to identify function of TonEBP in HCC. Design: Tumours with surrounding hepatic tissues were obtained from 296 patients with HCC who received completion resection. TonEBP expression was analysed by quantitative reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohfistochemical analyses of tissue microarrays. Mice with TonEBP haplodeficiency, and hepatocyte-specific and myeloid-specific TonEBP deletion were used along with HCC and hepatocyte cell lines. Results: TonEBP expression is higher in tumours than in adjacent non-tumour tissues in 92.6% of patients with HCC regardless of aetiology associated. The TonEBP expression in tumours and adjacent non-tumour tissues predicts recurrence, metastasis and death in multivariate analyses. TonEBP drives the expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) by stimulating the promoter. In mouse models of HCC, three common sites of TonEBP action in response to diverse aetiological agents leading to tumourigenesis and tumour growth were found: cell injury and inflammation, induction by oxidative stress and stimulation of the COX-2 promoter. Conclusions: TonEBP is a key component of the common pathway in tumourigenesis and tumour progression of HCC in response to diverse aetiological insults. TonEBP is involved in multiple steps along the pathway, rendering it an attractive therapeutic target as well as a prognostic biomarker

Sequencing and characterization of Varicella-Zoster virus vaccine strain SuduVax

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox in children and shingles in older people. Currently, live attenuated vaccines based on the Oka strain are available worldwide. In Korea, an attenuated VZV vaccine has been developed from a Korean isolate and has been commercially available since 1994. Despite this long history of use, the mechanism for the attenuation of the vaccine strain is still elusive. We attempted to understand the molecular basis of attenuation mechanism by full genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses of the Korean vaccine strain SuduVax.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SuduVax was found to contain a genome that was 124,759 bp and possessed 74 open reading frames (ORFs). SuduVax was genetically most close to Oka strains and these Korean-Japanese strains formed a strong clade in phylogenetic trees. SuduVax, similar to the Oka vaccine strains, underwent T- > C substitution at the stop codon of ORF0, resulting in a read-through mutation to code for an extended form of ORF0 protein. SuduVax also shared certain deletion and insertion mutations in ORFs 17, 29, 56 and 60 with Oka vaccine strains and some clinical strains.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The Korean VZV vaccine strain SuduVax is genetically similar to the Oka vaccine strains. Further comparative genomic and bioinformatics analyses will help to elucidate the molecular basis of the attenuation of the VZV vaccine strains.</p

Plant Regeneration from Anther Culture of Panax ginseng

Abstract -The research concerned of the regeneration of plants from embryos obtained from anther cultures of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). The aim was to determine the influence of the regeneration medium on the efficiency of the regeneration process. We conducted to determine the optimum conditions such as cold pretreatment, plant growth regulators and carbon sources on anther culture of P. ginseng. Highest callus formation rate was obtained when flower buds pretreated at 4℃ for 1 day. Among the treated growth regulators with various degrees of concentration in Murashige and Skoog`s (MS) medium, 4.53 μM of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4.44 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine gives the most responsive callus with the frequency of 73.89% and 129.53 g of fresh weight. When we used 3-9% of sucrose and maltose among the different kinds and various concentrations of carbohydrates, callus was formed highest 67.29% in the medium with 3% of sucrose. Shoots induced from callus supplemented with 28.9 μM of gibberellic acid and rooted in Gamborg`s B5 medium supplemented with 14.7 μM of indole-3-butyric acid