Abiotic Typology of the Rivers and Lakes of the Ukrainian Section of the Vistula River Basin and its Comparison with Results of Polish Investigations

The typology of rivers and lakes of the West Bug and San transboundary river subbasins (the Vistula River basin) was carried out. The researches were based on provisions of the EU Water Framework Directive for the surface waters typology according to the system A, implemented in Ukraine and Poland

Abiotic Typology of the Rivers and Lakes of the Ukrainian Section of the Western Bug River Basin and its Comparison with Results of Polish Investigations

The completed investigation, which are based on the requirements of the EU WFD and rivers typology systems adapted in Ukraine and Poland, allowed us to identify: for the Western Bug river basin within Ukraine 9 abiotic river types, within Poland – 7. In the Western Bug basin is dominated by small and medium rivers of lowlands and uplands of the Eastern Plains on silicate rocks. The Western Bug belongs to very large rivers, the Poltva, the Rata and the Luga belong to large rivers. Within the Ukrainian part of the Western Bug river basin, there are only 2044 rivers, of which 2010 (98.35%) are small rivers. The length of the majority of them (1966 rivers are small) doesn’t exceed 10 km. Middle rivers are 1.45%. Large and very large rivers are 0.15% and 0.05% of their total, respectively.Generally, in the Ukrainian part of the Western Bug basin 8 abiotic types of lakes were identified

Description of the hydrochemical regime of the Dnister river (by basic ions)

In this part of the Dniester, water mineralization increases: Dniester - medium (379-428 mg/L); Dniester - lower (425-526 mg/L). Mineralization of the Dniester River water decreases during the spring flood (305-425 mg/L) and increases during the winter low-water period (399-526 mg/L). The average annual ion runoff (Σi) of the Dniester River is 4374.103 tons. For ionic runoff, the same proportion remains for seasons as for water runoff. The ion runoff in the Dniester basin is 60.8 t/km2 per year, which is 2.3 times higher than the ion runoff in the Dnipro basin (26.8 t/km2), but 1.6 times less than in the Danube basin (95.2 t/km2). In general, this is a high indicator of chemical erosion in the river basin

Typology of rivers and lakes within the Ukrainian part of the Vistula basin (Bug and San) and its compatibility with investigations in Poland

This article describes an investigation of the hydrographical network in the Ukrainian part of the transboundary basins of the Bug and San rivers entering the Vistula basin, carried out by the authors using the typology of rivers and lakes in line with the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC requirements. The typology of the rivers is based on the typology system adopted in Poland. There are 5 abiotic types in the Bug river basin specified within the Ukraine. The small and medium upland rivers on carbonate or loess rocks dominate. Among the large rivers are the Poltva, Rata, Luga and Ryta. Four abiotic types of rivers are distinguished in the Ukrainian part of the San basin. The most numerous group consists of the small upland rivers on flysch rocks of the Carpathians. The analysis of the structure of the river basin networks showed that the small rivers form 98.5% of the total number (3115 rivers) in the Vistula basin within the Ukraine. Only 1.25% of the basin’s rivers form medium rivers. The percentages of large and very large rivers in the total basin streams are, respectively, 0.2 and 0.05%. There are 68 lakes within the Ukrainian part of the Bug basin, the majority of them (48 lakes, or nearly 71%) are in the category of very small lakes. As for the categories of medium and small lakes, each of them has 9 lakes (13%). There are only two large lakes, the Switiaz and Pulemetske (3%)

Springs as indicator of geotectonic disturbances

The main object of research in this publication is the springs considered in the development system of the regional structural geology of the Carpathians. In specific theoretical and practical examples it proved that the springs can be indicators of linear faults. The effectiveness of combining field methods with remote methods for detecting geological explosive disturbances and fracturing of the local substrate has been proved. The prospects and directions for further research are shown.The main object of research in this publication is the springs considered in the development system of the regional structural geology of the Carpathians. In specific theoretical and practical examples it proved that the springs can be indicators of linear faults. The effectiveness of combining field methods with remote methods for detecting geological explosive disturbances and fracturing of the local substrate has been proved. The prospects and directions for further research are shown

Екологічна стандартизація та запобігання впливу відходів на довкілля

Викладено основні принципи стандартизації у сфері охорони навколишнього природного середовища (якість води, ґрунтів, запобігання впливу відходів на довкілля), основні відомості про утворення та накопичення промислових і побутових відходів, можливий вплив на різні компоненти довкілля (природні води, ґрунти). Розглянуто пріоритетні нормативні документи, що регламентують діяльність у сфері поводження з відходами, направлену на охорону навколишнього природного середовища

Regimul hidrochimic şi calitatea apelor de suprăfaţă ale bazinului Nistru teritoriul Ucrainei

A fost caracterizat regimul hidrochimic şi calitatea apei râurilor bazinului transfrontalier Nistru (înlimitele Ucrainei) în perioada 1994-2009 în timpul inundaţiilor de primăvară, a etiajului de vară-toamnă, a viiturilor de vară-toamnă úi a etiajului de iarnă. Au fost utilizate datele Serviciului Hidrometeorologic de Stat din Ucraina după 40 de puncte de supraveghere. Au fost arătate diferenţele în formarea regimurilor hidrologic úi hidrochimic pe sectoarele muntoase şi de câmpie ale bazinului, precum úi în unii afluenţi (mai ales în r. Tismeniţa, care are un grad ridicat de mineralizare) (In Romanian

Гідрографія і гідрохімія транскордонної річки Західний Буг на території України

The analysis of the hydrographic network of the Western Bug basin on theterritory of Ukraine. This basin is estimated according to the requirements of the EUWater FrameworkDirective and has 2,044 rivers. Classification of the rivers of theWestern Bug by area of drainage basins has shown the following results: in this basinwithin Ukraine there is one very big river, in fact this is the Western Bug itself. There arealso three large rivers–Poltva, Rata and Luha. There are also 30 medium and 2,010 small rivers (among which 1,966 rivers have alength of less than 10 km). Theleading role of natural factors in the formation of the hydrocarbonate-calcium ion composition of theriver waters of the Western Bug basin is determined. The content of the main ions and the salinity of the river waters are distin-guished by a sufficiently clear seasonal character: a decrease in the spring flood and an increase in the low water level (mineraliza-tion of the water of the Western Bug–497-573 mg/l). Mineralization of the Poltva River (the left tributary of the Western Bug),located in the same natural conditions, is significantly different: in the area of the city of Lviv (the upper reaches ofthe Poltva River),it reaches 784-871 mg/l, and at the estuary of the river (Busk city, at the confluence of the Western Bug) is slightly reduced-613-670mg/l, while in the chemical type of water, sulfates and chlorides appear. This situation is explained by the discharge of sewage fromthe city of Lviv into the Poltva River. In the regime of nutrients, microelements, and also specific pollutants in the waterof the WestBug, no general regularities in their seasonal variations were found, which is associated with the significant idiosyncratic character ofthe influence of anthropogenic factors on the formation of their concentrations. We estimated the balance of substances, bothnaturaland anthropogenic, which are carried out with the waters of the Western Bug from the territory of Ukraine (93%), as well as from theterritory of Poland (7%) to the border with Belarus. The comparative methodological approach allowed us to make a quantitativeassessment of the significant influence of the Poltva River on the formation of the chemical composition of the water of the WesternBug, especially in its upper part. The share of Poltva's water flow when it flows into the Western Bug is 58% of its water flow. At thesame time, the share of the total ion flow is higher–66%. The share of the discharge of individual principal ions reaches: 76% (Cl),87% (Mg2 +) and 98% (SO4). For nitrogen, this figure is 68%, for phosphates – up to 80%.Наведено характеристику гідрографічних особливостей транскордонного басейну Західного Бугу на території України, гідрографічна мережа якого, оцінена за вимогами ВРД ЄС, налічує 2044 річки. Для гідрохімічних досліджень було обрано 14 створів. Мінералізація води р. Західний Буг становить 497–573 мг/л. Мінералізація води р. Полтва, лівої притоки Західного Бугу, що знаходиться в тих же природних умовах, істотно відрізняється. Так, в районі м. Львова (верхів'я річки Полтва) вона сягає 784-871 мг/л, а в гирлі річки дещо знижується–613–670 мг/л. Ця ситуація пояснюється скиданням стічних вод м. Львова в річку Полтва. Дослідження гідрохімічного режиму р. Західний Буг та її приток за головними іонами виявили чітку залежність від гідрологічного режиму. Це пояснюється впливом зміни ролі різних видів живлення річки протягом року. Середньорічний іонний стік Західного Бугу з території України становить 793,5 тис. т або 78,3 т/км2; з території України та Польщі – 857,0 тис. т. Таким чином, на цій ділянці річки 93 % іонного стоку виноситься з території України і 7 %–з території Польщі. Частка водного стоку р. Полтва при її впадінні в Західний Буг становить 58 % його водного стоку. В той же час, частка іонного стоку р. Полтва досягає 66 %. Для загального азоту цей показник збільшується до 68 %, для фосфатів – до 80 %

Основні засади управління якістю водних ресурсів та їхня охорона

Викладено основні принципи управління водними ресурсами в країнах Європейського Союзу, США, в Україні та інших країнах. Розглянуто основні джерела забруднення природних вод, питання управління охороною вод. Охарактеризовано комплексну оцінку якості поверхневих вод і принципи екологічного нормування в галузі водокористування. Для студентів географічних факультетів університетів