The half-lives of biological activity of some pesticides in water

In the absence of analytical methods, the half-lives of biological activity of pesticides can be estimated by bioassays. To determine the half-lives of biological acivity of pesticides to fish, static bioassays were conducted in the laboratory with ten different formulations of pesticides using Labeo rohita as a bio-indicator. The half-lives of biological activity for ten different pesticides in soft water at pH 7.5 and 27°C, ranged from 4.6 days to 11.8 days. The half-life of biological activity of Sumithion 50% EC was only 4.6 days. In contrast, Dimecron 50% EC degraded very slowly and its half-life of biological activity on L. rohita was about 11.8 days. Sumithion 50% EC, Padan 50% SP, EPN 45% EC, Diazinon 40% EC and Diazinon 10 G degraded in less than five to seven days indicating that these pesticides are desirable for rice-fish culture. Contamination by pesticides with long-term residual toxicity in waters may eventually cause high levels of fish mortality

Development of Soil Distribution and Liquefaction Potential Maps for Downtown Area in Yangon, Myanmar

The problem of soil against liquefaction during earthquakes is devastating geotechnical phenomenon. Soil against liquefaction is generally occurred in loose cohesionless saturated soil when pore water pressure increases suddenly due to earthquakes and shear strength of the soil decreases to zero. Yangon area has been chosen as the study area because it is the most populated and largest city in Myanmar and located in low to medium seismicity region. In this purpose, the liquefaction potential map have been prepared for site planners and decision makers to prevent loss of lives. Geographic Information System (GIS) is very useful in decision making about the area subjected to liquefaction. ArcGIS software is used to develop the liquefaction potential maps of the selected area in Yangon City. To perform in this study, the field borehole data for groundwater table, Standard penetration test (SPT), blow counts, dry density, wet density and fine content, etc. have been collected from the downtown area of this city. Firstly, the safety factor of soil liquefaction is computed by using NCEER (National Center of Earthquake Engineering Research, 1997) Method based on cyclic resistance ratio and cyclic stress ratio and then liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) values are determined using Luna and Frost Method, 1998. Finally, liquefaction potential maps are developed corresponding to the ground motions for annual probability of exceedance equal to 1%, 2% and 10% in 50 years

Structural Integrity Re-Use Assessment for Fixed Structures

In a time not far from now, there will be a significant increase in the decommissioning activities of fixed offshore platforms in Asia Pacific Region. The usual methods of decommissioning comprise the complete removal, partial removal, reefing or re-using of the offshore structure. The major challenges that encounter during the complete or partial removal decommissioning is the shortage of decommissioning yards for managing onshore disposal. Therefore, reefing or re-using of the structure has better aspect of sustainability rather than the complete removal and disposal method. Reusing of the old structure can be not only cost saving but also will much reduce the emission of carbon dioxide during the steel manufacturing process from iron ore. In this report, it will be focused on the jacket of the fixed offshore structure and there will be two parts to discuss; structural integrity assessment and structural analysis. Before the structure is being reused, a structural integrity assessment is carried out to determine the current integrity of the structure. Based on the integrity assessment, modifications and/ or refurbishing are made if there is any and structural analysis is carried out to assess the strength of the offshore structure for reuse purpose

National hazard exposure worker surveillance: exposure to biomechanical demands, pain and fatigue symptoms and the provision of controls in Australian workplaces

Biomechanical demands such as repetitive hand or arm movements, lifting heavy loads or working in awkward postures contribute to the development or worsening of inflammatory or degenerative musculoskeletal disorders. However, little is known about patterns of exposure to different biomechanical demands and how they relate to the demographic and employment characteristics of Australian workers. To address this, in 2008 the National Hazard Exposure Worker Surveillance [NHEWS] survey collected information on 4500 Australian workers’ exposure to nine biomechanical demands, pain and fatigue symptoms and the provision of various risk controls. Almost all workers reported some level of exposure to the biomechanical demands surveyed and 22 per cent were deemed to have high overall (composite) biomechanical demand exposure. In particular, young workers, male workers, night workers and lower skilled workers were most likely to report exposure and had the highest overall biomechanical demand exposure. The reporting of pain and fatigue symptoms was highly related to the level of biomechanical demand exposure. Workplace size (number of workers at a site) and the overall level of biomechanical demand exposure were the best predictors of control provision: workers from large workplaces and those with high exposure were most likely to be provided with biomechanical demand controls. This report presents detailed findings of the NHEWS survey and discusses the implications of these findings for work health and safety policy

How Can the Church Reclaim Backsliders? Analysis of Church Education to Reclaim Backsliders

Backsliding is a problem occurring among Christians in Myanmar. The author focuses this research on seeking several solutions to the issue of backsliding among Christians in Myanmar by comparing it with the Reformed worldview. The analytical focus is on the educational aspect in the church to address backsliding based on the Reformed worldview. This research was conducted in several stages, including problem identification and its causes, proposing problem-solving ideas. The researcher conducted interviews among Christians and elaborated with various other literary sources. The research findings reveal that the church needs to teach sound doctrines that can help its members grow in their faith and withstand difficult times. Political and religious issues are inseparable, but the fundamental problem is the need for contextual churches. The church needs to love and care for its flock. Additionally, the research finds that contextual churches require influence in every public area. Church leaders in urban areas need to be more educated and aware of the views and sensitivities of various ethnic, class, race, and religious groups. The church, as the body of Christ, should be able to communicate the Word of God honestly and accurately to its members and ensure that they are engaged in Bible classes or groups where they can learn and enjoy fellowship with fellow believers to strengthen their faith.

The Igneous Rocks of the Lamlash Region

Abstract Not Provided

Time for a re-think? : The rationale for multi-component intervention to prevent malnutrition in at-risk community-dwelling older adults

Peer reviewe

Safe use of pesticide in rice-fish culture

Results of the study on the relative safety of nine different pesticides: Diazinon 40% EC, Diazinon 10 G, Elsan 50% EC, Sumithion 50% EC, Furadan 3 G, Padan 50% SP, Kitazin 48% EC, Kitasin 17% G and EPN 45% EC for various fish species: Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita, Oreochromis mossambicus, Channa punctata, Clarias batrachus and Anabas testudineus used in rice-fish culture are presented and discussed

Simulation of Energy Bands for Metal and Semiconductor Junction

This paper presents the metal-semiconductor band structure analysis for metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). The energy bands were observed at metal-semiconductor and semiconductor-metal junctions. The simulation results show energy variations by using gallium-nitride (GaN) material. Gallium nitride based MOSFETs have some special material properties and wide band-gap. From the energy band, the condition of contact potential, conduction and valence band-edges can be analyzed. The computerized simulation results for getting the band layers are investigated with MATLAB programming language