Prince Myinzaing and Early Armed Resistance Movements

The British occupation forces took the Mandalay capital without armed resistance on 28 November 1885 because King Thibaw issued a royal order on 27 November 1885 for Myanmar to surrender. After dethroning King Thibaw, the British brought him to India. Then resistance to the British took place throughout upper Myanmar. The majority of the resistance leaders were royal princes, the former servicemen. Prince Myinsaing was a son of king Mindon. Prince Myinsaing made an attempt reconquer the Mandalay capital. The resistance movement led by Myinsaing caused a great deal of difficulties for the British. Although the period of his resistance against the British was short, Prince Myinsaing's leadership could influence not only on the resistance groups in central Myanmar but also on those in hilly regions. The resistance movement led by Myinsaing caused a great deal of difficulties for the British. The British made attempt to suppress the forces of Prince Myinsaing to the end

The Ghana retention on ART study (ROARS): keeping HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy

This study was implemented by Boston University in collaboration with the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology with support from the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development under Project SEARCH Task Order No. GHH‐I‐00‐07‐00023‐00, beginning August 27, 2010. The content and views expressed here are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of USAID or the U.S. Government.This report presents the findings of a study that employed qualitative research methods to explore the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ghana who are either in care and on antiretroviral therapy (ART), or are no longer in care and have been lost to follow-up. The study was designed to deepen our understanding of the challenges ART patients face in continuing on ART in Ghana and to contribute information with the potential to improve retention in care and outcomes for PLHIV in Ghana.This study was carried out by a collaborative team of researchers based at Boston University’s Center for Global and Health and Development (CGHD) and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology’s (KNUST) School of Medical Sciences. The team conducted this research in Kumasi, Ghana’s second largest urban center. It is a component of the ‘Operations Research among Key Populations in Ghana’ project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). We designed and conducted the research in collaboration with the Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC).Expanding access to ART among HIV-positive individuals has been a major goal of the Ghana AIDS Commission and Ghana Health Service. Since 2005, Ghana has scaled up ART rapidly; by 2011, 150 health facilities were providing ART to over 60,000 people, an increase from fewer than 5,000 just six years earlier. At the same time, like in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, ensuring that those who begin ART remain on treatment has proven a major challenge. Previous studies suggest that retention in care for 12 months or longer is approximately 70-80% in Ghana, similar to the rate in many other low-resource settings. While research elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa indicates that a number of barriers affect retention in care, little research on this topic has been conducted in Ghana. Given that ART is currently the only known way to prolong life for PLHIV, it is critical to identify barriers that affect different groups of patients and to find ways to support them in remaining on treatment.This study was motivated by a desire to increase understanding of the challenges of and facilitators to retention in care among individuals on ART in Kumasi, Ghana. We conducted it in collaboration with the Suntreso Government Hospital, one of Kumasi’s largest medical facilities, and specifically with the hospital’s STI (sexually transmitted infection)/HIV clinic, which has experienced high levels of patient dropout from care and treatment. Together with staff at the clinic, we designed this research with the aim of contributing to understanding of the range of barriers PLHIV in Ghana experience trying to stay on treatment, the reasons they default, and the types of supports they believe would help themselves and other patients remain on or return to treatment if they do default. Our hope is that the study’s findings will add in a meaningful way to the evidence base on strategies and approaches for improving retention in treatment, thereby maximizing the potential benefits of ART, for PLHIV in Ghana.Support from the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development under Project SEARCH Task Order No. GHH‐I‐00‐07‐00023‐00, beginning August 27, 201

THE EFFECT OF MARKET ORIENTATION AND INNOVATION ON PERFORMANCE OF SOFTWARE COMPANIES IN YANGON

This study intends to identify the effect of market orientation and innovation on performance of software companies in Yangon. The data are collected from the sample of 69 respondents by using structured questionnaires. According to the findings from the analysis, customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-functional orientation positively impact on innovation. Furthermore, the result also indicates that product innovation and process innovation impact on performance of software companies in Yangon. It is recommended that software companies in Yangon should take market orientation activities seriously as it plays an important role in how well their product and process innovation will increase. They should also develop strong innovative practices as their financial and non-financial performance will increase if they implement innovative moves

SUPPLY SIDE EVIDENCE OF MYANMAR’S GROWING AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION MARKET

Recent evidence suggests that the mechanization of agriculture is proceeding rapidly in areas of Myanmar close to the country’s major city, Yangon, as farmers - driven by the need to remain profitable in the face of labor shortages and rising wage rates - adopt a variety of labor saving technologie

SUPPLY SIDE EVIDENCE OF MYANMAR’S GROWING AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION MARKET

Recent evidence suggests that the mechanization of agriculture is proceeding rapidly in areas of Myanmar close to the country’s major city, Yangon, as farmers - driven by the need to remain profitable in the face of labor shortages and rising wage rates - adopt a variety of labor saving technologies (Win and Thinzar 2016). In this brief, we present findings from the first survey in Myanmar to analyze the supply side of agricultural mechanization. We find evidence of rapid growth in the number, geographical distribution, and sales of agricultural machinery supply businesses. The range and value of machinery sold accelerated rapidly, especially post-2011 as the country opened economically. New hire-purchase financing arrangements for machinery played a key role in facilitating this growth

Infra-red thermal imaging of the inner canthus : correlates with the temperature of the injured human brain

Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC. When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.</p

Multi-parameter brain tissue microsensor and interface systems : calibration, reliability and user experiences of pressure and temperature sensors in the setting of neurointensive care

The objective was to investigate sensor measurement uncertainty for intracerebral probes inserted during neurosurgery and remaining in situ during neurocritical care. This describes a prospective observational study of two sensor types and including performance of the complete sensor-bedside monitoring and readout system. Sensors from 16 patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) were obtained at the time of removal from the brain. When tested, 40% of sensors achieved the manufacturer temperature specification of 0.1 °C. Pressure sensors calibration differed from the manufacturers at all test pressures in 8/20 sensors. The largest pressure measurement error was in the intraparenchymal triple sensor. Measurement uncertainty is not influenced by duration in situ. User experiences reveal problems with sensor 'handling', alarms and firmware. Rigorous investigation of the performance of intracerebral sensors in the laboratory and at the bedside has established measurement uncertainty in the 'real world' setting of neurocritical care