COMPOSITION AND VARIATION OF FATTY ACIDS AMONG GROUNDNUT CULTIVARS IN UGANDA

Groundnuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) contain approximately 44-56% oil made up of fatty acids. Oleic and linoleic acids comprise about 80% of fatty acids in groundnuts. Groundnuts with >80% oleic are beneficial health-wise and also improve groundnut quality, flavour, and extended shelf-life, which is beneficial to traders. In Uganda, however, little is known about the fatty acids content of commercially available cultivars. This study was undertaken to determine the fatty acid composition of the most recently released commercially available groundnut cultivars in Uganda. Eleven groundnut genotypes were profiled for different fatty acids using gas chromatography (GC). Data were recorded in percentages from chromatographs and totaled up to about 100%. Oleic to linoleic ratios (O/L) and iodine values were calculated from fatty acid data. Groundnut genotypes tested differed significantly (P<0.05) in oleic, linoleic, palmitic, behenic, gadoleic, arachidic and palmitoleic acids. Oleic acid was highest in Lot 197 line, and linoleic acid was lowest in the same line. Oleic acid was lowest in Serenut 7 (43.19%) and linoleic acid was highest in the same line (33.45%). The lowest iodine value was observed in 197 (84.14); and the highest in Serenut 9T (96.59). Significant correlations (P<0.001) were observed between most of the fatty acids, except between arachidic versus gadoleic, stearic and gamma linoleic.L\u2019Arachide ( Arachis hypogaea L.) contient approximativement 44-55% d\u2019huile faites d\u2019acides gras. Les acides ol\ue9ique et linol\ue9ique constituent environ 80% des acides gras dans l\u2019arachide. Les arachides avec plus de 80% d\u2019ol\ue9iques sont b\ue9n\ue9fiques pour la sant\ue9 et aussi am\ue9liorent la qualit\ue9 de l\u2019arachide, le go\ufbt, et une longue dur\ue9e de conservation, avantageux pour les commer\ue7ants. En Ouganda, toutefois, tr\ue8s peu d\u2019informations sont disponibles concernant la teneur en acides gras des cultivars commercialement disponibles. Cette \ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9 entreprise pour d\ue9terminer la composition en acide gras de la majorit\ue9 des cultivars d\u2019arachides r\ue9cemment lib\ue9r\ue9s et commercialement disponibles en Ouganda. Onze g\ue9notypes d\u2019arachide ont \ue9t\ue9 profil\ue9s pour les diff\ue9rents acides gras en utilisant le gaz chromatographie (GC). Les donn\ue9es ont\ua0\ue9t\ue9 collect\ue9es des chromatographes en pourcentages et additionn\ue9es jusqu\u2019\ue0 environ 100%. Les rapports d\u2019ol\ue9iques au linol\ue9iques (O/L) et les valeurs d\u2019iode ont \ue9t\ue9 calcul\ue9es \ue0 partir des donn\ue9es des acides gras. Les g\ue9notypes d\u2019arachide test\ue9s ont \ue9t\ue9 significativement (P<0,05) diff\ue9rents en acides ol\ue9ique, linol\ue9ique, palmitique, b\ue9h\ue9nique, gadol\ue9ique, arachidique et palmitoleique. L\u2019acide ol\ue9ique \ue9tait le plus \ue9lev\ue9 dans la lign\ue9e Lot 197, et l\u2019acide linol\ue9ique \ue9tait le plus faible dans la m\ueame lign\ue9e. L\u2019acide ol\ue9ique \ue9tait le plus faible en Serenut 7 (43,19%) et l\u2019acide linol\ue9ique \ue9tait le plus \ue9lev\ue9 dans la m\ueame lign\ue9e (33,45%). La plus faible valeur de l\u2019iode \ue9tait observ\ue9e dans 197 (84,14)\ua0; et la valeur la plus \ue9lev\ue9e dans Serenut 9T (96,59). Des corr\ue9lations significatives (P<0,001) \ue9taient observ\ue9e entre la majorit\ue9 des acides gras, sauf entre l\u2019acide arachidique contre les acides gadol\ue9ique, st\ue9arique et gamma linol\ue9ique

The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator: development and validation of a tool for identifying African surgical patients at risk of severe postoperative complications

Background: The African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) showed that surgical patients in Africa have a mortality twice the global average. Existing risk assessment tools are not valid for use in this population because the pattern of risk for poor outcomes differs from high-income countries. The objective of this study was to derive and validate a simple, preoperative risk stratification tool to identify African surgical patients at risk for in-hospital postoperative mortality and severe complications. Methods: ASOS was a 7-day prospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing surgery in Africa. The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator was constructed with a multivariable logistic regression model for the outcome of in-hospital mortality and severe postoperative complications. The following preoperative risk factors were entered into the model; age, sex, smoking status, ASA physical status, preoperative chronic comorbid conditions, indication for surgery, urgency, severity, and type of surgery. Results: The model was derived from 8799 patients from 168 African hospitals. The composite outcome of severe postoperative complications and death occurred in 423/8799 (4.8%) patients. The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator includes the following risk factors: age, ASA physical status, indication for surgery, urgency, severity, and type of surgery. The model showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.805 and good calibration with c-statistic corrected for optimism of 0.784. Conclusions: This simple preoperative risk calculator could be used to identify high-risk surgical patients in African hospitals and facilitate increased postoperative surveillance. © 2018 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Medical Research Council of South Africa gran