Local Site Behaviour in the 1976 Friuli Earthquake

Soon after the main shock of Friuli, Italy, May 6th 1976 earthquake, two strong motion recorders accelerographs were installed in two sites about 650 meters distant one from the other. One instrument was installed on hard outcropping rock, the other at the surface of an alluvial deposit 20+25 meters thick underlain by a sloping bedrock. Among the numerous records obtained three aftershocks of magnitude about 6 and hypocentral distance within 20 Km, are investigated by comparing maximum accelerations, durations, Arias intensity and Husid ratios. A new numerical tool is proposed which consists of a series of plots of the Husid ratios of low-pass filtered accelerograms. The numerical tool seems to be very promising since it allows to describe at the same time energy, duration and frequencies content, of a given ground motion. Moreover the application to the records simultaneously obtained at the two stations suggests that it would be more appropriate to define an accelerogram according to the type of behavior shown by the site during a certain earthquake rather than according to the local site characteristics like soft or hard

Campano-Lucano Earthquake, November 1980, Italy, Strong Motion Data Related to Local Site Conditions

When the 23 November 1980 earthquake struck the south of Italy a network of strong motion recorders was in operation. The earthquake triggered 21 stations. The network is composed by 168 stations spread all over the country following statistical criterion, see Taccarino and Zaffiro, 1973. The paper presents the results of the records obtained at 6 of 21 stations together with the available geological information of the sites where the stations were located

In-situ Undisturbed Sand Sampling by Radial Freezing for Liquefaction Analysis

The authors experimented in laboratory that if radial freezing with free drainage is performed under an effective confining pressure of 100 kPa only an increase of the order of 0.5% of volumetric strain takes place going from the unfrozen to the frozen condition. The sample comes back to the original dimension after thawing. The displacements of the sample were measured by radiographs of a lead shot network properly built inside the sample. The technique suggested by Yoshimi and al. (1977) to freeze in situ a column of saturated sands was also verified and optimized in laboratory by simulating in a full scale test the site conditions. Finally 3.10 m length and 55 cm. diameter sample of saturated sand was frozen at a well studied site by radial freezing technique, then pulled out from the ground by a crane, sawed and stored in a freezer for future laboratory tests

Seletividade de herbicidas sobre Anadenanthera peregrina (Angico-Vermelho).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a seletividade de herbicidas utilizados em áreas de Eucalyptus, sobre o crescimento de Anadenanthera peregrina. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em duas épocas diferentes em 2003 e 2004, tendo 5 tratamentos com 4 doses de herbicidas em cada um e 6 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: haloxyfop-methyl nas doses (0,00 ; 120, 240 e 480 g.ha-1); sulfentrazone (0,00, 300, 600 e 1.200 g.ha-1); isoxaflutole (0,00, 150, 300 e 600 g.ha-1); oxyfluorfen (0,00, 720, 1.440 e 2.880 g.ha-1); e glyfhosate (0,00, 720, 1.440 e 2.880 g.ha-1). Em ambos os experimentos foram avaliados: efeitos fitotóxicos do produto, número de folíolos, altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule e biomassa seca da parte aérea; e no segundo foram feitas ainda a análise de clorofila a e b, e de carotenóides. O herbicida que apresentou maior fitoxicidade e que comprometeu o desenvolvimento do angico foi o glyphosate, com altos graus de fitotoxicidade, queda de folhas e redução da biomassa, sendo, portanto, não recomendado para o controle de invasoras em áreas de plantio de angico. Os outros herbicidas não comprometeram o desenvolvimento do angico, podendo ser usados no plantio de A. peregrina

Tolerance of Anadenanthera peregrina to Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus grandis essential oil as condition for mixed plantation.

With the purpose of selecting the species of woody Caatinga for mixed plantations with Eucalyptus spp., the allelophatic effects of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis essential oil were studied on the growth activities of Anadenanthera peregrina. The plants were closed in glass chambers in the presence of volatile oil of E. camaldulensis or E. grandis at the concentration of 13 nl.cm-3. The number of leaves, height and diameter at soil lever were compared before, immediately after and after 30 days. Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and dry mass were evaluated after the treatment application. There was no inhibitory effect of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis oils on A. peregrina. E. camaldulensis, which was more adapted to semi-arid conditions, was planted in mixture stands with two native legume species, inoculated with Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. E. camaldulensis did not inhibit native species growth after two years of cultivation

Ruggero Bacone e Raimondo Lullo, espressione di un medioevo multiculturale. La novità emerge dalla tradizione

Uno de los conceptos más importantes de pensar y explorar la realidad es para Llull la noción de atributos divinos: sirven como medio para entender y ordenar el mundo, contemplando a Dios y dialogando con pensadores de otras religiones. Ya los primeros escritos de Llull muestran un concepto increíblemente elaborado de atributos divinos que Llull utiliza constantemente a lo largo de su vida.For Llull, one of the most important concepts of thinking and exploring reality is the notion of divine attributes: they serve as a means of understanding and ordering the world, contemplating God and dialoguing with thinkers of other religions. Even in Llull’s early writings one can fi nd an amazingly elaborate concept of divine attributes which Llull continued to use throughout his life

Mechanical analysis of the ENEA TF coil proposal for the EU DEMO fusion reactor

The design of the superconducting magnet system of the European DEMO fusion reactor is currently being pursued in the framework of the EUROfusion Magnets Work Package (WPMAG). Three alternative winding pack (WP) options for the Toroidal Field Coils (TFCs) are being proposed by different research units, each featuring a different conductor manufacturing technology (react-and-wind vs. wind-and-react) or winding layout (layer vs. pancake). One of the options (namely, WP#2), proposed by Italian ENEA, features a layer-wound WP design adopting a wind-and-react conductor with rectangular cross section with high aspect ratio, obtained squeezing an initially circular conductor. In order to assess the capability of all the TFC components to withstand the electromagnetic loads due to the huge Lorentz forces without any structural failure during the magnet lifetime, the mechanical analysis of the 2016 version of the WP#2 design option is performed here applying a hierarchical approach herein defined as the Stress Recovery Tool (SRT): the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a whole magnet (including the casing) is performed at a low computational cost adopting a coarse WP model with smeared (homogenized) properties. The displacements computed on the smeared WP are then used as boundary conditions for a refined FEA of some WP slices, located in selected (critical) poloidal positions, where all the conductors detailed features (jacket, insulations) are properly accounted for