Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics Approaches to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato Plant

To explore changes in proteins and metabolites under stress circumstances, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics methods are used. In-depth research over the previous ten years has gradually revealed the fundamental processes of plants’ responses to environmental stress. Abiotic stresses, which include temperature extremes, water scarcity, and metal toxicity brought on by human activity and urbanization, are a major cause for concern, since they can result in unsustainable warming trends and drastically lower crop yields. Furthermore, there is an emerging reliance on agrochemicals. Stress is responsible for physiological transformations such as the formation of reactive oxygen, stomatal opening and closure, cytosolic calcium ion concentrations, metabolite profiles and their dynamic changes, expression of stress-responsive genes, activation of potassium channels, etc. Research regarding abiotic stresses is lacking because defense feedbacks to abiotic factors necessitate regulating the changes that activate multiple genes and pathways that are not properly explored. It is clear from the involvement of these genes that plant stress response and adaptation are complicated processes. Targeting the multigenicity of plant abiotic stress responses caused by genomic sequences, transcripts, protein organization and interactions, stress-specific and cellular transcriptome collections, and mutant screens can be the first step in an integrative approach. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the genomes, proteomics, and metabolomics of tomatoes under abiotic stress

Chitosan nanoparticles: a versatile platform for biomedical applications

Chitosan is a biodegradable and biocompatible natural polymer that has been extensively explored in recent decades. The Food and Drug Administration has approved chitosan for wound treatment and nutritional use. Furthermore, chitosan has paved the way for advancements in different biomedical applications including as a nanocarrier and tissue-engineering scaffold. Its antibacterial, antioxidant, and haemostatic properties make it an excellent option for wound dressings. Because of its hydrophilic nature, chitosan is an ideal starting material for biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels. To suit specific application demands, chitosan can be combined with fillers, such as hydroxyapatite, to modify the mechanical characteristics of pH-sensitive hydrogels. Furthermore, the cationic characteristics of chitosan have made it a popular choice for gene delivery and cancer therapy. Thus, the use of chitosan nanoparticles in developing novel drug delivery systems has received special attention. This review aims to provide an overview of chitosan-based nanoparticles, focusing on their versatile properties and different applications in biomedical sciences and engineering.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of quercetin on steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in ovary of mice with experimentally-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome

IntroductionPolycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects the health of many women around the world. Apart from fundamental metabolic problems connected to PCOS, focus of our study is on the role of quercetin on genes relevant to steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis.MethodsEighteen mature parkes strain mice (4-5 weeks old) weighing 18–21 g were randomly divided into three groups of six each as follows: Group I serves as the control and was given water and a regular chow diet ad lib for 66 days; group II was given oral gavage administration of letrozole (LETZ) (6 mg/kg bw) for 21 days to induce PCOS and was left untreated for 45 days; For three weeks, Group III received oral gavage dose of LETZ (6 mg/kg), after which it received Quercetin (QUER) (125 mg/kg bw orally daily) for 45 days.ResultsIn our study we observed that mice with PCOS had irregular estrous cycle with increased LH/FSH ratio, decreased estrogen level and decline in expression of Kitl, Bmp1, Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, Ar, lhr, Fshr and Esr1 in ovary. Moreover, we observed increase in the expression of CYP17a1, as well as increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF and insulin levels. All these changes were reversed after the administration of quercetin in PCOS mice.DiscussionQuercetin treatment reversed the molecular, functional and morphological abnormalities brought on due to letrozole in pathological and physiological setting, particularly the issues of reproduction connected to PCOS. Quercetin doesn’t act locally only but it acts systematically as it works on Pituitary (LH/FSH)- Ovary (gonad hormones) axis. the Side effects of Quercetin have to be targeted in future researches. Quercetin may act as a promising candidate for medical management of human PCOS

Identifying the Potential Dam Sites to Avert the Risk of Catastrophic Floods in the Jhelum Basin, Kashmir, NW Himalaya, India

In September 2014, Kashmir witnessed a catastrophic flood resulting in a significant loss of lives and property. Such massive losses could have been avoided if any structural support such as dams were constructed in the Jhelum basin, which has a history of devastating floods. The GIS-based multicriteria analysis (MCA) model provided three suitability zones for dam locations. The final suitable dam sites were identified within the highest suitability zone based on topography (cross-sections), stream order, high suitable zone, minimum dam site interval, distance from roads, and protected area distance to the dam site. It was discovered that 10.98% of the total 4347.74 km2 area evaluated falls in the high suitability zone, 28.88% of the area falls in the medium suitability zone, and 60.14% of the area falls in the low suitability zone. Within the study area, four viable reservoir sites with a holding capacity of 4,489,367.55 m3 were revealed

Effect of pomelo peel essential oil on the storage stability of a few selected varieties of freshwater fish

The antimicrobial effect of pomelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) peels essential oil was investigated against a few selected varieties of freshwater fish (Rohu, Bahu, Silver carp) as well as tested against spoilage organisms (Yersinia pestis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans) using the disc diffusion method. The yield of 2.66% (w/v) was obtained using hydro-distillation extraction. The essential oil demonstrated 65% of DPPH* scavenging activity, and d-limonene (90-89%) was found to be the predominant monoterpene hydrocarbon. Terpinyl acetate (2.8%), -pinene (2.3%), -pinene (2.2%), and terpinolene (0.3%) were the next most abundant monoterpene hydrocarbons, The pomelo peel oil exhibited antimicrobial activity against the majority of tested organisms and found to be effectively prevented the growth of spoilage microorganisms on Rohu, Bahu, and Silver carp fish fillets, as a result, the shelf life of the fishes were extended by 6–9 days. The essential oil obtained from waste pomelo peel has the potential to improve the storage stability of fish fillets

Identifying the Potential Dam Sites to Avert the Risk of Catastrophic Floods in the Jhelum Basin, Kashmir, NW Himalaya, India

In September 2014, Kashmir witnessed a catastrophic flood resulting in a significant loss of lives and property. Such massive losses could have been avoided if any structural support such as dams were constructed in the Jhelum basin, which has a history of devastating floods. The GIS-based multicriteria analysis (MCA) model provided three suitability zones for dam locations. The final suitable dam sites were identified within the highest suitability zone based on topography (cross-sections), stream order, high suitable zone, minimum dam site interval, distance from roads, and protected area distance to the dam site. It was discovered that 10.98% of the total 4347.74 km2 area evaluated falls in the high suitability zone, 28.88% of the area falls in the medium suitability zone, and 60.14% of the area falls in the low suitability zone. Within the study area, four viable reservoir sites with a holding capacity of 4,489,367.55 m3 were revealed

A comprehensive review on nutraceutical potential of underutilized cereals and cereal-based products

Cereals provide nutrients such as lipids, carbs, proteins, minerals, and vitamins and make up the majority of human nutrition. Some cereals also contain a significant quantity of dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble). Cereals, when consumed as a whole or in coloured varieties, are the source of bioactive components with functional properties. Dietary fiber in whole grains has a unique blend of bioactive components such as resistant starch, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and antioxidants that provide different health benefits. Traditionally, whole grains were consumed, but currently, most foods are derived from refined fractions of cereal and pulse crops. Minimal processing of cereals increases both nutrient bioavailability and health benefits. The bioactive compounds present in whole cereals ultimately fight against diseases and prevent or control some diseases in the body, such as cardiovascular risk, reducing the risk of cancer, type-2 diabetes, hypertension, and high blood pressure, improving gastrointestinal health, etc. The consumer demands minimally processed foods, which are essential for maintaining health and improving metabolism. Therefore, developing products using whole cereals or millet to improve the health and safety of humans is of great interest. The present review discusses the nutraceutical potential of cereals and their products, their impact on gut microbiota, and consumer acceptability. The potential for future research in the processing of such healthy cereals in combination with other pseudocereals is identified and discussed

Comprehensive review of sustainable utilization of Arenga obtusifolia Griff. as a food

This review delves into the utilization of non-conventional starch sources through a specific cultural lens, focusing on the practices and significance of Arenga obtusifolia Griff., commonly referred to as the sugar palm, and its derivative product called Tassey. The tassey is widely popular in the Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, India, a region renowned for its biodiversity and abundant palm tree varieties, including the sugar palm. Highlighting the multifaceted dimensions of the sugar palm, this review expounds upon Tassey's creation, consumption, and versatile applications. Tassey, a substance extracted from the sugar palm's stem, emerges as a pivotal element of the Nyishi tribe's cultural heritage and sustenance strategies, especially during times of scarcity and natural calamities. This review sheds light on the integral role played by Nyishi women in the cultivation and preparation of tassey, underscoring their vital contribution to upholding this time-honoured practice. Furthermore, the economic ramifications of tassey production and its commercial viability are explored, elucidating its role in bolstering the tribe's livelihood. Extending beyond its dietary role, tassey exhibits a diverse array of applications, spanning from human consumption to its incorporation in the crafting of traditional alcoholic beverages and even as a therapeutic resource for livestock. By offering insights into the profound relationship between the Nyishi tribe and the sugar palm, this review enriches our comprehension of traditional ecological wisdom and sustainable exploitation of resources within a culturally vibrant backdrop. Ultimately, this comprehensive exploration contributes to a nuanced appreciation of the intricate interplay between heritage, environment, and innovation in this distinctive region

Insights into the harvesting tools and equipment's for horticultural crops: From then to now

The evolution of harvesting tools and equipment for horticultural crops has significantly shaped agricultural practices over time. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the journey from historical methods to modern innovations in harvesting technology. The intricate interplay between technological advancements and horticultural practices is explored, highlighting pivotal developments that have revolutionized crop harvesting. Starting with traditional methods employed in the past, we delve into the challenges faced by early horticulturists and the ingenious solutions they devised. The review then transitions to the contemporary landscape, showcasing cutting-edge tools that have emerged through scientific breakthroughs and engineering ingenuity. Noteworthy advancements in machinery design, automation, and precision techniques are discussed, illustrating their profound impact on crop yield, labor efficiency, and overall sustainability.Key insights into the integration of robotics, sensor technologies, and artificial intelligence in modern harvesting equipment are presented, underscoring their potential to further optimize horticultural practices. The paper also addresses the importance of ergonomic considerations and environmental concerns in shaping the future of harvesting tools. Through a comprehensive examination of historical roots and present-day innovations, this review provides a panoramic view of the evolution of harvesting tools and equipment for horticultural crops. By tracing this trajectory, we gain a deeper understanding of how technological progress continues to reshape and enhance the dynamics of crop harvesting, paving the way for more efficient, sustainable, and productive agricultural systems