46 research outputs found
EfficientViT: Lightweight Multi-Scale Attention for On-Device Semantic Segmentation
Semantic segmentation enables many appealing real-world applications, such as
computational photography, autonomous driving, etc. However, the vast
computational cost makes deploying state-of-the-art semantic segmentation
models on edge devices with limited hardware resources difficult. This work
presents EfficientViT, a new family of semantic segmentation models with a
novel lightweight multi-scale attention for on-device semantic segmentation.
Unlike prior semantic segmentation models that rely on heavy self-attention,
hardware-inefficient large-kernel convolution, or complicated topology
structure to obtain good performances, our lightweight multi-scale attention
achieves a global receptive field and multi-scale learning (two critical
features for semantic segmentation models) with only lightweight and
hardware-efficient operations. As such, EfficientViT delivers remarkable
performance gains over previous state-of-the-art semantic segmentation models
across popular benchmark datasets with significant speedup on the mobile
platform. Without performance loss on Cityscapes, our EfficientViT provides up
to 15x and 9.3x mobile latency reduction over SegFormer and SegNeXt,
respectively. Maintaining the same mobile latency, EfficientViT provides +7.4
mIoU gain on ADE20K over SegNeXt. Code:
https://github.com/mit-han-lab/efficientvit.Comment: Tech repor
Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of EpsteināBarr Virus-Associated Malignancies
The EpsteināBarr virus (EBV) can cause different types of cancer in human beings when the virus infects different cell types with various latent patterns. EBV shapes a distinct and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to its benefit by influencing and interacting with different components in the TME. Different EBV-associated malignancies adopt similar but slightly specific immunosuppressive mechanisms by encoding different EBV products to escape both innate and adaptive immune responses. Strategies reversing the immunosuppressive TME of EBV-associated malignancies have been under evaluation in clinical practice. As the interactions among EBV, tumor cells, and TME are intricate, in this review, we mainly discuss the epidemiology of EBV, the life cycle of EBV, the cellular and molecular composition of TME, and a landscape of different EBV-associated malignancies and immunotherapy by targeting the TME
Preventing graft restenosis after coronary artery bypass grafting with tissue-type plasminogen activator
Abstract Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of using tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) to prevent graft restenosis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods In this prospective observational study, 37 patients underwent CABG between June 2009 and May 2013. These patients were grouped according to the anti-coagulation strategy after surgery: t-PA (nĀ =Ā 12) and conventional treatments (nĀ =Ā 25). In the t-PA group, the patients received acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel plus intravenous infusion of t-PA (0.25Ā mg/kg/day) starting at 24Ā h after surgery and that lasted for 3Ā days. In the conventional group, the patients received only ASA and clopidogrel. 64-row spiral computed tomographic coronary angiography was performed at 1Ā week, 1, and 3Ā months after surgery to evaluate the patency of the graft vessel. Results The mean stenosis severity of the saphenous vein grafts was lower in the t-PA group compared with the conventional group at 3Ā months after surgery (pĀ Ā 0.05). The patency rate of the grafts was not significantly different between the two groups at 1Ā week, 1, and 3Ā months after surgery (pĀ >Ā 0.05). Conclusion Early application of t-PA after CABG was feasible and safe, and might help prevent early restenosis of SV grafts. Additional clinical randomized trials are necessary to address this issue
Immune Microenvironment Characteristics of Urachal Carcinoma and Its Implications for Prognosis and Immunotherapy
Urachal carcinoma (UrC) is an exceedingly rare tumor and lacks effective treatment. Herein, we characterized an immune microenvironment characteristic of UrC in detail and identified its implications for prognosis and immunotherapy. In total, 37 resections of UrC were stained for CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD68, HLA-DR, CD163, PD1, and PD-L1, as well as mismatch repair protein including MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 by immunohistochemistry. Intratumoral and peritumoral immune cell densities or the proportion of PD1 and PD-L1 expression alongside MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 status were manually evaluated using the whole slide. UrC patients with the number of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) per slide tended to be higher in tumors with dMMR (p = 0.1919), and tumors with higher number of TLS tended to have longer OS (p = 0.0940) and DFS (p = 0.0700). High densities of CD3+ T, CD8+ T, and CD68+ cells were significantly associated with worse OS and DFS (both p<0.05). Increased intratumoral (p = 0.0111) and peritumoral (p = 0.0485) CD8+ T cell densities were significantly associated with PD-L1 expression or increasing proportion of PD-L1 expression on immune cells. Similarly, increased intratumoral (p = 0.0008) and peritumoral (p = 0.063) CD8+ T cell densities were significantly associated with increasing proportion of PD1 expression on immune cells. Tumors with PD-L1 positive expression on immune cells had a significantly increased proportion of PD1 expression (p = 0.0121). High peritumoral CD8+ T cell density (>73.7/mm2) was significantly associated with worse OS (p = 0.0120) and DFS (p = 0.00095). The number of TLS seems to be considered not only as histopathological characteristics in predicting MMR status of UrC, but also as a prognostic or therapeutic biomarker, and we also provide some important suggestions for targeting PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in UrC
MicroRNA-101 targets EZH2, MCL-1 and FOS to suppress proliferation, invasion and stem cell-like phenotype of aggressive endometrial cancer cells
MicroRNA-101 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor miRNA in human tumors. However, its potential functional impact and the underlying mechanisms in endometrial cancer progression have not been determined. Here, we report that in aggressive endometrial cancer cells, re-expression of microRNA-101 leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis and senescence. Ectopic overexpression of microRNA-101 attenuates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated cancer cell migration and invasion, abrogates the sphere-forming capacity and enhances chemosensitivity to paclitaxel. Algorithm and microarray-based strategies identifies potential microRNA-101 targets. Among these, we validated EZH2, MCL-1 and FOS as direct targets of miR-101 and silencing of these genes mimics the tumor suppressive effects observed on promoting microRNA-101 function. Importantly, further results suggest an inverse correlation between low miR-101 and high EZH2, MCL-1 and FOS expression in EC specimens. We conclude that, as a crucial tumor suppressor, microRNA-101 suppresses cell proliferation, invasiveness and self-renewal in aggressive endometrial cancer cells via modulating multiple critical oncogenes. The microRNA-101-EZH2/MCL-1/FOS axis is a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer
p53R2 as a novel prognostic biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Abstract Background p53R2 is a target of p53 gene, which is essential for DNA repair, mitochondrial DNA synthesis, protection against oxidative stress, chromosomal instability, chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. This study is aimed to investigate the expression of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) subunit p53R2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its significance in the prognosis. Methods The expression levels of p53R2 in 201 patients with NPC were examined by immunohistochemical assay. The correlations of p53R2 expression and clinicopathological features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient were analysed by chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate regression model were used to analyze the prognostic significance of the patients with NPC. Results Immunohistochemical results showed that p53R2 was positively expressed in 92.5% (186/201) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the high expression rate was 38.3% (77/201). Further analysis observed that the negative correlation between expression of p53R2 and pT status had statistical significance (Pā<ā0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that the mean survival time of patients with high expression of p53R2 was 143.32Ā months, while the patients with low expression level of p53R2 was 121.63Ā months (Pā<ā0.05). Cox regression analysis suggested that p53R2 protein expression could be used as an independent prognostic factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Pā<ā0.05). Conclusions This study drew a conclusion that p53R2 could be used as a prognostic biomarker indicative of the favorable outcome for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Outcome of R-CHOP or CHOP Regimen for Germinal Center and Nongerminal Center Subtypes of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of Chinese Patients
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be molecularly subtyped as either germinal center B-cell (GCB) or non-GCB. The role of rituximab(R) in these two groups remains unclear. We studied 204 patients with de novo DLBCL (107 treated with first-line CHOP; 97 treated with first-line R-CHOP), patients being stratified into GCB and non-GCB on the basis of BCL-6, CD10, and MUM1 protein expression. The relationships between clinical characteristics, survival data, and immunophenotype (IHC) were studied. The 5-year overall survival (OS) in the CHOP and R-CHOP groups was 50.4% and 66.6% (P=0.031), respectively. GCB patients had a better 5-year OS than non-GCB patients whether treated with CHOP or not (65.0% versus 40.9%; P=0.011). In contrast, there is no difference in the 5-year OS for the GCB and non-GCB with R-CHOP (76.5% versus 61.3%; P=0.141). In non-GCB subtype, additional rituximab improved survival better than CHOP (61.3% versus 40.9%; P=0.0303). These results indicated that addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy eliminates the prognostic value of IHC-defined GCB and non-GCB phenotypes in DLBCL by improving the prognostic value of non-GCB subtype of DLBCL
Low SIRT3 Expression Correlates with Poor Differentiation and Unfavorable Prognosis in Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
<div><p>SIRT3, a mitochondrial sirtuin belonging to nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD) dependent deacetylases, is implicated in metabolism, longevity and carcinogenesis. SIRT3 expression and its significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that SIRT3 expression in HCC tissue was much lower than that in paracarcinoma tissue, at both mRNA and protein levels. The cutoff value for low SIRT3 expression in HCC was defined according to receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. As disclosed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, low SIRT3 expression was present in 67.3% (167/248) of HCC cases. Furthermore, low expression of SIRT3 was significantly correlated to differentiation (<em>P</em>ā=ā0.013), clinical stage (<em>P</em>ā=ā0.005), serum AFP level (<em>P</em><0.01), tumor multiplicity (<em>P</em>ā=ā0.026) and relapse (<em>P</em>ā=ā0.028). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that low SIRT3 expression associated with unfavorable overall survival (<em>P</em><0.01) and recurrence-free survival (<em>P</em>ā=ā0.004). The prognostic impact of SIRT3 was further confirmed by stratified survival analysis. Importantly, multivariate analysis revealed that low SIRT3 expression was an independent poor prognostic marker for overall survival (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.555, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.344ā0.897, <em>P</em>ā=ā0.016). Collectively, we conclude that SIRT3 is decreased in HCC and is a novel unfavorable marker for prognosis of patients with this fatal disease.</p> </div
Analysis of PLK4 protein expression in relation to overall survival and disease-free survival of subclassified HCC patients.
<p>In term of overall survival and disease-free survival, subgroup analysis indicated that PLK4 had prognostic role when classified by the following variables: tumor size (AāB), AFP (CāD), stage (IIIāIV) (EāF) (log-rank test).</p
Correlation between PLK4 expression and clinicopathologic parameters in HCC.
a<p>Chi-square test;</p>b<p>patients were divided according to the median age; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; PLK4, polo-like kinase 4.</p