Antimicrobial activity of Guava tree (Psidium Guajava) leaf extract and selected Commercial Antibiotics on Bacterial isolates from Kisubi Hospital

oai:ojs2.sjhresearchafrica.org:article/1Background: Plant species such as the guava have been used in Uganda and elsewhere in the world to treat some of the medical conditions associated with bacteria, this is due to the increased number of drug resistant bacteria in the world. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of guava leaf extracts against some of the disease causing bacteria isolated from Kisubi hospital in Uganda is discussed. Methods: The guava leafs were collected from a plantation near Zika forest in Uganda (0°7′27″N 32°31′32″E / 0.12417°N 32.52556°E / 0.12417; 32.52556) and samples were put in a bag and transferred to the university laboratory where they were identified. The extracts were obtained by maceration using distilled water, 30%, 50% and 70 % methanol as the extraction solvents. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Results: Gram-negative Escherichia coli was sensitive to the plant extract and synthetic commercial drugs such as trimethoprim-sulfamethozole, ciprofloxacin, and Gentamicin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all drugs. Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus were all sensitive to the plant extracts with measurable inhibition zones. Conclusion: The Guava tree leaf crude extracts have antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant bacteria. More studies should be carried out to know the potency and the concentration of different plant origin extracts

Possible Pathogenic Bacteria Present on Stumps of Amputees Applying Prostheses: A Case of Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda.

Background:  The number of amputees using prostheses is decreasing, and the victims complain that prostheses make stumps itchy and cause sores and they thus opt to go without artificial limbs. This has led to increased joblessness among persons with orthopedic disabilities. This research, therefore, sought to determine whether the prostheses increase the number of species of bacteria found on the stumps of amputees since bacteria are known to be the primary cause of the discomfort in form of itches and sores.  Methodology:  Thirty participants were selected for this study, and were divided into two groups; 22 candidates were in the experimental group and four were in the control group, while six withdrew from the research. Members in both groups had their stump surfaces examined for the species of bacteria present at the time of prosthesis fitting. Members in the experimental group used the prostheses while those in the control group did not use the prostheses and both groups were re-examined three weeks later.  Results:  The use of prostheses generally increased the mean number of species of bacteria found on the skin surface of stumps of amputees three weeks after starting to use the artificial limbs although the increase was not found to be statistically significant. No significant change was observed in the mean number of species of bacteria in the control group at the time of prosthetic fitting and after the three weeks of disuse. This implied that the observed increase in bacterial load was truly due to the use of prostheses in the experimental group.  Conclusion: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Clostridium tetani, and non-hemolytic streptococci were identified on the skin surfaces of the stumps of amputees

Assessing The Effect of Selected Cleaning Agents (Bleach, Ethanol and Liquid soap) On Selected Nosocomial Organisms (Escherichia. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in Uganda. A Case Study of Kisubi Hospital.

Background The major cause of disease and even human death are bacteria. Disinfectant is widely used in various ways as an effective agent to kill or eliminate bacteria, especially in the microbial laboratory. The most commonly used disinfectants in the laboratory are ethanol, bleach, and hand soap. This study assessed the effect of the common cleaning agents against bacteria. Methodology It was an experimental study on disinfectant efficacy of ethanol, bleach, and antibacterial handwashing soap on surface disinfection. Sampling was carried out between April and June of 2017. The samples were collected from our lady of Consolata kisubi hospital which is located on Nkima Road- Kisubi, Wakiso, Uganda. The samples collected were obtained from the hospital surfaces like door handles, beds, random floors, toilets, and work surfaces before and after cleaning. Results 64 samples were collected from 32 sites. The selected nosocomial organism in the study included E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the selected disinfectants, ethanol was the most effective against the available selected nosocomial organisms. Conclusion Bacteria is present on so many surfaces of the hospital, and the selection of appropriate cleaning agents is vital to achieving maximum cleaning. Bleach and liquid soap should not be used in combination if cleaning different surfaces in the hospital due to the effects of the inorganic compounds that might be present in the liquid soap that inactivates active ingredients used present in the Bleach. Recommendation The hospital should come up with a minimum inhibitory concentration of the disinfectants that is effective to be used. The support staff in charge of cleaning should be trained on the right way of cleaning and disinfecting

The PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES AND COPING STRATEGIES OF POST AMPUTATION: A CASE STUDY OF MULAGO SPECIALIZED NATIONAL HOSPITAL, KAMPALA-UGANDA

Background: The study assessed the effect of psychological correlates of traumatic experiences on coping strategies of post-amputation basing on evidence from Mulago specialized national hospital, Kampala-Uganda. It specifically analyzed the personality styles that enhance coping among amputees, assessed the psychological consequences among amputees, and examined the psychological interventions among amputees. Methodology: The study adopted a hospital-based prospective post-treatment design employing a quantitative research approach. The quantitative data were collected using questionnaires from 72 patients who were admitted for amputations and attending weekly amputee clinics and those using prostheses and orthosises. The data was processed at both the descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The study found extraversion as a statistically positive correlate with the confrontational form of coping style (r = 0.279, p = 0.031 < 0.05). It found a significantly positive correlate that enhanced planful problem solving (r =0.278, p =0.032< 0.05) and positive reappraisal (r = 0.301, p = 0.019 < 0.05) compared to conscientiousness as a negative correlate of coping styles particularly self-control (r =-0.326, p = 0.011< 0.05) and escape avoidance (r =-0.263, p =0.043 < 0.05). Results showed abnormal depression (46.7%), suffering abnormal anxiety (45.0%) alongside demonstrating symptoms of at least 2 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (46.7%) as the psychological consequences. The psychological interventions study found included specialized physician services (60.0%), primary care provision (45.0%) and financial assistance (46.7 among others  Conclusion and discussion: Personality styles of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are crucial in the coping styles among amputees and therefore need to be well established and aligned with supporting initiatives. The administrative staff of specialized units needs to put in place workable measures like avoiding unfair self-blame and inculcating a belief that they are still worth as to help amputees to improve their self-esteem thereby minimizing adverse psychological consequences