Clonality Analysis of Helicobacter pylori in Patients Isolated from Several Biopsy Specimens and Gastric Juice in a Japanese Urban Population by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting

Background. The number of Helicobacter pylori clones infecting a single host has been discussed in numerous reports. The number has been suggested to vary depending on the regions in the world. Aim. The purpose of this study was to examine the number of clones infecting a single host in a Japanese urban population. Materials and Methods. Thirty-one Japanese patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in this study. H. pylori isolates (total 104 strains) were obtained from biopsy specimens (antrum, corpus, and duodenum) and gastric juice. Clonal diversity was examined by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting method. Results. The RAPD fingerprinting patterns of isolates from each patient were identical or very similar. And the isolates obtained from several patients with 5- to 9-year intervals showed identical or very similar RAPD patterns. Conclusion. Each Japanese individual of an urban population is predominantly infected with a single H. pylori clone

Evaluation of a novel immunochromatographic assay using silver amplification technology for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from throat swab samples in pediatric patients

Objectives: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the common causative pathogens of community-acquired respiratory tract infections mainly in children and young adults. Rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques for identifying the causative pathogen would be useful for initiating treatment with an appropriate antibiotic. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a novel immunochromatographic assay using silver amplification technology using FUJI DRI-CHEM IMMUNO AG2 and FUJI DRI-CHEM IMMUNO AG cartridge Myco (FUJIFILM Co., Tokyo, Japan) for detection of M. pneumoniae. Methods: Throat swab samples were collected from 170 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with bronchitis or pneumonia. The silver amplification immunochromatographic (SAI) assay was performed using these samples and the results were compared with those of real-time PCR. The time required for the SAI assay is approximately 20 min (5 min for sample preparation and 15 min for waiting time after starting the assay). Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the SAI assay for detection of M. pneumoniae were 85.2 and 99.1%, respectively, and the assay showed positive and negative predictive values of 98.1 and 92.3%, respectively, compared with the results of real-time PCR. The diagnostic accuracy was 94.1%. Conclusions: FUJI DRI-CHEM IMMUNO AG2 and FUJI DRI-CHEM IMMUNO AG cartridge Myco are appropriate for clinical use. The optimal timing of this assay is five days or more after the onset of M. pneumoniae infection. However, PCR or other molecular methods are superior, especially with regard to sensitivity and negative predictive value

Five-Year Follow-Up Study of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Helicobacter pylori Infection Detected by a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting Method

Recent studies have speculated on the possible role of the mother in transmitting Helicobacter pylori infection to their children. In an attempt to either prove or disprove this supposition, we investigated the rates of infection of children born to H. pylori-positive mothers from birth to 5 years of age using serology and the stool antigen test. When infection of the children did occur, the strains from the children were compared to those of their mothers using DNA analysis. Sixty-nine of the 350 pregnant mothers (19.7%) had a positive serology for H. pylori. Fifty-one children underwent serological examinations and stool antigen tests at 4 to 6 days after birth, followed by 1, 3, and 6 months. They were continuously given the stool antigen test at 4- to 6-month intervals until the age of 5 years. Gastric juice samples were collected from the infected children and their mothers for culture and DNA analyses using a random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting method. None of the 51 children acquired H. pylori infection during the first year of life. Of the 44 children enrolled in a 5-year follow-up study, five (11%) acquired H. pylori infection. They acquired the infection at the age of 1 year 2 months, 1 year 3 months, 1 year 6 months, 1 year 8 months, and 4 years 4 months. Random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting confirmed that the strains of the five children exhibited DNA fingerprinting patterns identical to those of their mothers. These findings suggest that mother-to-child transmission is the most probable cause of intrafamilial spread of H. pylori

Detection of Human Bocaviruses 1 to 4 from Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples Collected from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections

Human bocaviruses (HBoV) 1, 2, 3, and 4 were detected in 132 (15.5%), 5 (0.6%), 3 (0.4%) and 5 (0.6%) of 850 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from children with respiratory tract infections, respectively. Out of the 145 HBoV1-4-positive samples, 62 (42.8%) were co-detected with other respiratory viruses

Teaching of Tag in a Mentally Retarded Child

Pertimbangan optimal sangat memerlukan suatu alat bantu  untuk menghasilkan keputusan yang baik, sebagai metode yang dapat diterapkan untuk proses peneyeleksian. Produk berbasis teknologi terkadang memberikan banyak kriteria yang unik dan memberikan benefit yang besar bagi para penggunanya. Dengan demikian sangat dibutuhkan metode yang tepat untuk penyeleksian produk berbasis teknologi. Metode Weight Product Model (WPM) salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu dalam proses penyeleksian, metode ini merupakan kristalisasi dari keilmuan metode Analytic Hierarchi Process (AHP). WPM merupakan sebuah model yang melakukan proses penyelesaian secara hirarki dengan cara melakukan breakdown mulai dari goal, criteria, dan alternative.Produk yang menjadi objek penelitian yaitu Notebook dengan kategori yang sama yaitu Core i5 dengan brand-type yang berbeda-beda seperti SAMSUNG 470RE-K01ID, LENOVO G470-0137, ASUS A450CC-WX250D, dan TOSHIBA L840-1045.WPM merupakan salah satu bentuk solusi pemodelan yang dapat digunakan untuk penyeleksian Notebook sebagai produk berbasis teknologi dengan pertimbangan multicriteria. Dari proses analisis yang diterapkan secara matematis dapat memberikan keputusan secara empiris dengan menentukan besaran priority terhadap produk berbasis teknologi seperti Notebook. Perolehan hasil yang diperoleh dengan WPM adalah SAMSUNG menduduki prioritas tertinggi dengan bobot nilai 0.323, LENOVO dengan bobot nilai 0.264, lalu ASUS dengan bobot nilai 0.228, dan perioritas rangking terkecil THOSIBA dengan bobot nilai prioritas 0.185

P1 gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated from 2016 to 2019 and relationship between genotyping and macrolide resistance in Hokkaido, Japan

We characterized 515 Mycoplasma pneumoniae specimens in Hokkaido. In 2013 and 2014, the p1 gene type 1 strain, mostly macrolide-resistant, was dominant and the prevalence of macrolide resistance was over 50 %. After 2017, the p1 gene type 2 lineage, mostly macrolide-sensitive, increased and the prevalence of macrolide resistance became 31.0 % in 2017, 5.3 % in 2018 and 16.3 % in 2019