Study on the Distribution of Flora and Fauna in the SIPCOT Industrial Park of Gangaikondan, Tirunelvelli District, Tamil Nadu, India

The phytosociological study on flora and fauna diversity in Gangaikondan revealed that the diversity of the flora was more than the faunal diversity. Totally 59 floral species and 35 faunal species were listed out in the study site. For plants the species- area curves attained the stable position in 2nd and 3rd quadrats where for fauna it reached the observed species richness in 4th and 5th quadrats

Studies on Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of \u3cem\u3eTabebuia rosea\u3c/em\u3e (Bertol.) DC.

Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. is commonly grown as an ornamental tree for its grand and majestic pink or purple flowers which offer different shades of colours. The wood is valuable and used in the manufacture of furniture. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids and alkaloids. In vitro antibacterial studies on the ethanolic leaf extracts were carried out on ten medically important bacterial strains, including Salmonella typimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Psudomonas sp., Staphylococcus epidermis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococccus sp. and Bacillus subtilis, which were procured from the Microbial Type Cultrue and Collection, Chandigarh, India, using agar disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains were exposed to the following four different concentrations of extracts: 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml and 300 mg/ml solvent. The results of our antibacterial assay revealed that the extract showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens compared with standard antibiotics like streptomycin and penicillin. The inhibitory activities were found to be dose dependent

Anti-tumor potential of total alkaloid extract of Prosopis juliflora DC. leaves against Molt-4 cells in vitro

The total alkaloid extract from Prosopis juliflora DC. leaves was obtained using acid/base modified extraction method. The in vitro anti-tumor potential of the extract was evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5- dimethythiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) based cytotoxicity monitoring after 24, 48 and 72 h exposure of the MOLT-4 cells (1×106 cells/ml medium) to different concentration of the extract ranging from 10 to 100 μg/ml medium. The genotoxic potential of the extract was also tested using cytokinesis block in vitro micronucleus assay. Simultaneously, the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the extract were compared with mitogen stimulated T-lymphocyte cultures derived from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. The MTT test revealed that, the extract exhibited comparatively higher toxicity towards the cancer cells than the normal cells at all the tested concentrations and at all the time points studied. The IC50 values of the extract at 24, 48 and 72 h were found to be 90.5, 42.5 and 20.0 μg/ml/1× 106 cells against cancer cells. The genotoxic assay showed that, in both cultures, the number of micronuclei obtained even at the highest exposure concentration tested was very low when compared with that of the micronuclei obtained with the positive control mitomycin-C. The results of the present investigation demonstrate that, P. juliflora leaf alkaloids are preferentially cytotoxic to human T-cell leukemia (Molt-4) cells in a dose and time dependent manner with the absence of genotoxicity.Key words: Prospis juliflora, alkaloids, molt-4 cells, MTT test, micronucleus assay

Phytochemical Investigation and Antibacterial Screening of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of \u3cem\u3eSapindus emarginatus\u3c/em\u3e Vahl.

Sapindus emarginatus Vahl. is extensively used in Indian traditional and folklore medicines to cure various human ailments. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of saponins, terpenoids, tannins, acids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and sugars. In vitro antibacterial studies on the ethanolic leaf extracts were carried out on ten medically important bacterial strains, including Salmonella typimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus epidermis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococccus sp., and Bacillus subtilis, which were procured from the Microbial Type Cultrue and Collection, Chandigarh, India, using agar disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains were exposed to the following four different concentrations of extracts: 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml and 300 mg/ml solvent. The results of our antibacterial assay revealed that the extract showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens compared with standard antibiotics like streptomycin and penicillin. The inhibitory activities were found to be dose dependent

Resprouting in Tropical Rainforest of Highwavy Mountains, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

Six hectares of evergreen forest of Highwavy Mountains, Western Ghats, Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India, was censused for the damaged trees (≥ 30cm girth at breast height). Among 57 damaged trees 28.07% was uprooted and 71.93% was standing broken stems. Among standing broken stems only 39.02% was resprouted. The percentage of resprouting of our study site was slightly higher than other forests. The resprouting and the production of multishoots from the stumps were mainly seen in the pioneer species and resprouting was rare in the climax species. This was contrast to other forests. Key words: resprouting, stumps, tree damage, rainforest, Western Ghats

Plant Inventory in Disturbed and Undisturbed Sites of Pachakumachi Hill (Highwavys Mountains), Cumbum Valley, Western Ghats, Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India

Disturbances play an important role in the determination of species diversity. As an exception, undisturbed areas (VS) possess lower number of species compared to disturbed areas (TS). The richness of family is not affected by disturbance. The number of individuals decreases from undisturbed to disturbed sholas. Lauraceae is the abundant family not respect to the disturbances

Investigation of Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Potential of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of \u3cem\u3eProsopis juliflora\u3c/em\u3e DC.

Prosopis juliflora DC. is commonly known as mesquite . This tree is native to tropical America, but is naturalized in many countries including Egypt and India. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of tannins, acids, glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids. In vitro antibacterial studies on the ethanolic leaf extracts were carried out on ten medically important bacterial strains (Salmonella typimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Psudomonas sp., Staphylococcus epidermis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococccus sp. and Bacillus subtilis) procured from the Microbial Type Culture and Collection, Chandigarh, India, using the agar disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains were exposed to the following four different concentrations of extracts: 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml and 300 mg/ml solvent. The results of our antibacterial assay revealed that the extract showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens compared with standard antibiotics like streptomycin and penicillin. The inhibitory activities were found to be dose dependent

Medicinal Plants in Tropical Evergreen Forest of Pachakumachi Hill, Cumbum Valley, Western Ghats, India

Western Ghats is a treasure of medicinal plants. In this survey, two previously unreported endemic medicinal plants were identified from the study area

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Studies on the Ethanolic Leaf Extract of \u3cem\u3eNyctanthes arbortristis\u3c/em\u3e Linn.

Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. is extensively used in Indian traditional and folklore medicines to cure various human ailments. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and sugars. In vitro antibacterial studies on the ethanolic leaf extracts were carried out on ten medically important bacterial strains, including Salmonella typimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Psudomonas sp. Staphylococcus epidermis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococccus sp. and Bacillus subtilis, which were procured from the Microbial Type Cultrue and Collection, Chandigarh, India, using agar disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains were exposed to the following four different concentrations of extracts: 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml and 300mg/ml solvent. The results of our antibacterial assay revealed that the extract showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens compared with standard antibiotics like streptomycin and penicillin. The inhibitory activity was found to be dose dependent

Floristic Inventory and Quantitative Vegetation Analysis of Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest in Piranmalai Forest, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

Tree diversity, species richness, basal area, population structure and distribution patterns were investigated in disturbed, moderately disturbed and undisturbed areas of the tropical dry deciduous forest of Piranmalai, Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu. The forest areas were selected based on the disturbance index. Six sites of 0.1 ha area were established in the Piranmalai forest. Two sites, Nehru park (N.P) and Foot hill (F.H), were located close to the mining, quarrying and human settlement area, while two other sites, Vannar iruppu (V.I) and Alaguchokkan (A.C), are located in a selective felling area, and two others, Dhargha area (D.A) and Veerappan koil (V.K), are situated in a relatively undisturbed forest. These are 3 to 5 Km apart in the forest disturbed stand (60% disturbance index), Moderately Disturbed stand (30% disturbance index), and Undisturbed stand (10% disturbance index). Tree species richness varied along the disturbance gradient in different stands. The undisturbed stand showed the highest species richness (11 – 9). Species richness was lowest (5 - 4) in the Disturbed stand, while in the Moderately Disturbed stand the diversity was somewhat higher (8 – 7). The Shannon – Wiener index for tree species ranged from 1.33 to 2.184 in all the stands. The highest tree diversity was recorded in the undisturbed stand and the lowest in the Disturbed stand. The stands differed with respect to the tree species composition at the family and generic level