Exploring the association between FGM/C and early/child marriage: A review of the evidence

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) has been frequently linked to marriageability and thought to be associated with child marriage, yet there is remarkably little rigorous research to clarify the relationship between these two practices to inform discussions and responses. Furthermore, trends are also shifting in the timing of FGM/C from adolescence to early childhood, and the implications this might have on the links between early/child marriage and FGM/C are not well understood. This review of current available evidence aims to assess the association between FGM/C and early/child marriage in contexts where both practices are carried out. The social and cultural norms that underpin both practices and thus their continuation may vary across cultures and countries and even change over time; the challenge is to understand how social norms will and could be changed to end harmful practices that affect the lives of girls and women

Health impacts of female genital mutilation/cutting: A synthesis of the evidence

The Africa Coordinating Centre for the Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, with support from the Population Council, sought to synthesize the evidence on the health impacts of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), identify recommended interventions, and compile and analyze the existing reference materials. The goal of this review is to inform the development of a comprehensive set of training guidelines and materials for frontline healthcare providers so they can manage the care of women and girls who have undergone FGM/C, prevent the practice at the community level, and accelerate abandonment of FGM/C practices. This analysis underscores the health impacts associated with FGM/C and compelling reasons for intervention. Overall, the recommended interventions were informed by best practices based on study reports, experts, and the strength of the available evidence. Moving forward, the Evidence to End FGM/C program plans to collaboratively review existing curricula and related materials for health professionals before these much-needed training materials and guidelines for healthcare providers can be drafted; and to conduct new research to deepen understanding on all the health impacts of FGM/C and their interventions

Testing the effectiveness of integrating community-based approaches for encouraging abandonment of female genital cutting into CARE\u27s reproductive health programs in Ethiopia and Kenya

CARE International, with technical support from the Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program completed a study in Ethiopia and Kenya designed to test the effectiveness of education activities using behavior change communication (BCC) approaches and advocacy activities by religious and other key leaders to abandon female genital cutting (FGC). In Ethiopia, the increased knowledge of harmful FGC effects and human rights issues translated to a positive attitude in support of FGC abandonment and an intention not to cut their daughters in the future. In Kenya, the analysis indicated mixed results in attitude and intended behavior change