Comparative analysis of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa extracts prepared with various solvents

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects and has been used to treat wounds, colic diarrhoea, heartburns, abscesses and gynaecopathy. The potential antiproliferative activities of R. tomentosa extracts from different solvents were evaluated in vitro on HepG2, MCF-7 and HT 29 cell lines while antioxidant activity was monitored by radical scavenging assay (DPPH), copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and β-carotene bleaching assay. Extracts from R. tomentosa show the viability of the cells in concentration-dependent manner. According to the IC50 obtained, the ethyl acetate extracts showed significant antiproliferative activity on HepG2 (IC50 11.47 ± 0.280 μg/mL), MCF-7 (IC50 2.68 ± 0.529 μg/mL) and HT 29 (IC50 16.18 ± 0.538 μg/mL) after 72 h of treatment. Bioassay guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract led to the isolation of lupeol. Methanol extracts show significant antioxidant activities in DPPH (EC50 110.25 ± 0.005 μg/ml), CUPRAC (EC50 53.84 ± 0.004) and β-carotene bleaching (EC50 58.62 ± 0.001) due to the presence of high total flavonoid and total phenolic content which were 110.822 ± 0.017 mg butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)/g and 190.467 ± 0.009 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g respectively. Taken together, the results extracts show the R. tomentosa as a potential source of antioxidant and antiproliferative efficacy

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by clinacanthus nutans extract supported with identification of flavonoids by UPLC-QTOF/MS and its antimicrobial activity

The present study reported a simple method in synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Clinacanthus nutans extract. The UV–visible spectra showed the characteristic absorption peak at 480 nm, and the intensity was increased with the increase in plant extract ratio and incubation period. Analysis of particle size through FESEM, XRD and TEM revealed the average of synthesized AgNPs is 73.4 nm. The EDX analysis confirmed the formation of metallic nature of silver. The FTIR spectra indicated the role of carbonyl groups in the synthetic process and further confirmed by identification of flavonoids and their glycosides by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs shows effective inhibition against common bacterial strains including Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris

Chemical constituents, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa root extracts

A study was carried out on the chemical constituents, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa root extracts. Solvent–solvent extraction, fractionation and separation using different chromatographic techniques (column chromatography and thin layer chromatography) were used for isolation of pure compounds. The chemical constituents of the roots of R. tomentosa were subjected to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF/MS) for the determination of compound composition present in the plant. The potential cytotoxicity of R. tomentosa extracts from different solvents were evaluated in vitro on HepG2, MCF-7 and HT 29 cell lines and antioxidant activity was monitored by radical scavenging assay (DPPH), copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and β-carotene bleaching assay. Each extract from R. tomentosa inhibited proliferation on all cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependant manner. According to the IC50 obtained, the results exhibited significant activity against cancer cell line under 72h incubation with IC50 value < 30 μg/mL for ethyl acetate on HepG2, methanol and ethyl acetate on both MCF-7 and HT 29. Methanol extracts show significant antioxidant activities in DPPH, CUPRAC and β-carotene due to the presence of high total flavonoid and total phenolic content of R. tomentosa. Bioassay guided fractionation of ethyl acetate extract led to the isolation of lupeol and fractionation of chloroform extract led to the isolation of β-sitosterol. The structure of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as 1D (1H, 13C, DEPTQ), 2D (COSY, HMQC, HMBC) NMR, MS, UV, FTIR and also by comparison with the literature. Collectively, the results show that R. tomentosa is a potential source of antioxidant and cytotoxicity and identified lupeol being a possible promising chemical lead for further development as anticancer agent

Belalai gajah (clinacanthus nutans) scientific evidence of cancer prevention

This book contains information about the traditional used and phytochemicals of belalai gajah (Clinacanthus nutans). This report had scientifically supported the testimonies of Malaysian who claimed that C. nutans possesses antitumor effects and had saved many of various cancer patients. The uses of plant in traditional medicine and current studies had been discussed. Single compounds had been isolated by purification using chromatographic techniques. Apart from that, a brief review of concept between chemical composition and biological activities also described in this book

Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa Extracts Prepared with Various Solvents

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects and has been used to treat wounds, colic diarrhoea, heartburns, abscesses and gynaecopathy. The potential antiproliferative activities of R. tomentosa extracts from different solvents were evaluated in vitro on HepG2, MCF-7 and HT 29 cell lines while antioxidant activity was monitored by radical scavenging assay (DPPH), copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and b-carotene bleaching assay. Extracts from R. tomentosa show the viability of the cells in concentration-dependent manner. According to the IC50 obtained, the ethyl acetate extracts showed significant antiproliferative activity on HepG2 (IC50 11.47 ± 0.280 mg/mL), MCF-7(IC50 2.68 ± 0.529 mg/mL) and HT 29 (IC50 16.18 ± 0.538 mg/mL) after 72 h of treatment. Bioassay guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract led to the isolation of lupeol. Methanol extracts show significant antioxidant activities in DPPH (EC50 110.25 ± 0.005 mg/ml), CUPRAC (EC50 53.84 ± 0.004) and b-carotene bleaching (EC50 58.62 ± 0.001) due to the presence of high total flavonoid and total phenolic content which were 110.822 ± 0.017 mg butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)/g and 190.467 ± 0.009 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g respectively. Taken together, the results extracts show the R. tomentosa as a potential source of antioxidant and antiproliferative efficacy

In vitro cytotoxicity of Clinacanthus nutans fractions on breast cancer cells and molecular docking study of sulphur containing compounds against caspase-3

Clinacanthus nutans has attracted Malaysian public interest due to its high medicinal value in the prevention of cancer. Currently, the specific compound or compounds giving rise to the anticancer potential of C. nutans has not been investigated thoroughly. The extraction was carried out by MeOH at room temperature using the powdered bark of C. nutans, while chromatography was carried out on a silica gel RP-18 column using the crude methanolic extract. Six fractions collected from column chromatography were evaluated by MTT assay against two breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Amongst the fractions, A12 and A17 were shown to exhibit the highest activity. Two sulphur-containing compounds, viz., entadamide C (1) and clinamide D (2), were isolated from these fractions. Molecular docking simulation studies revealed that entadamide C and clinamide D could bind favourably to the caspase-3 binding site with the binding energy of −4.28 kcal/mol and −4.84 kcal/mol, respectively. This study provides empirical evidence for the presence of sulphur-containing compounds in the leaves of C. nutans that displayed anticancer effects which explains its ethnomedicinal application against breast cancer. The docking simulation study showed that both compounds could serve as important templates for future drug design and development