Prefixal vowel length in Lulamogi: A stratal account

Over the past several decades there has been recurrent skeptism concerning cyclic derivations in phonology, one of the most central tenets of traditional generative and lexical phonology and morphology. In this paper I draw on original data from Lulamogi, a previously almost unstudied Bantu language of Uganda, to show that the most insightful analysis of some rather unusual vowel length alternations requires either cyclicity or global reference to internal morphological structure, specifically the difference between stem vs. prefix V + V sequences. After documenting the vowel length properties in some detail I consider several analyses, opting for a stratal account which neatly mirrors the traditional Bantu stem, word, and phrasal domains

Building Capacity: Using TEFL and African Languages as Development-oriented Literacy Tools

' ''Building Capacity promotes the vision that the teaching of African languages can best achieve its aim of boosting the economic and cultural development of the Africans if they are made to work in synergy with a revamping of the course contents of international languages that will be taught within the frame of a development-oriented literacy curriculum. Great emphasis is put on the oral skills in the use of African languages as they are to serve as a link between the community and the school for the ultimate revitalization of the positive aspects of African cultures in a world beset by globalization. The book is supplemented with a sample of texts in the appendix that are meant to be a bridge between formal texts taught in classrooms and literacy texts that can raise the genuine interests of the local populations in that they address their immediate needs. Among the possible topics language teachers are encouraged to explore in their classes are those concerning economic development, but also such issues as health, education, the environment, food security, and conflict resolution. ''''In the face of the growing interest in the use of African Languages by Africans as symbols of personal and cultural identity and as means of empowering the rural communities in the entreprise of national development,the need for a methodologically appropriate manual to guide the teaching and learning of African languages becomes urgent.This book is a timely response, predicated on a policy of the symbiotic use of African languages along with partner (foreign-official) languages, to attain a balanced level of economic and socio-cultural development.It is based on a compendium of well- thought-out principles geared towards a rapid acquisition of written and oral language skills that are congruent with and reflect the socio-cultural and economic concerns of the linguistic community.'''' Beban Sammy Chumbow, Professor of Linguistics, University of Yaounde I ''''Among the numerous proposals in this book is the necessity for Africans, and I would add, for the communities of Asia and Latin America, to re-think the contents of their language courses and assign them an objective which aims at the integral development of their communities. It is indeed imperative that these courses reflect clear objectives of seeking social, cultural, and economic developments that harmonize with African, Asian, and Latin American values that are deep rooted in their respective various cultures.'''' Jean-Pierre Angenot Professor of Linguistics, Federal University of Rond?nia, Porto Velho, Brazil.''

The Effects of Solar Irradience and Ambient Temperature on Solar PV Moule Output in Northern Ghana

Solar energy is abundant. It is however low grade energy and cannot be easily used in the form it occurs for work. Converting solar energy directly to electricity, using solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is however a low efficiency process. Optimizing this conversion, especially in the face of the high cost of solar panels, is thus desirable. Towards this end, it is necessary to know the maximum output periods of solar modules and the conditions for maximum panel output. This paper is the result of a study of the effects of solar irradiance and ambient temperature on the output of solar PV modules. In this study, using polycrystalline and amorphous silicon PV panels - the most widely used in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions, the output current and voltage from the solar panels (PV modules), and hence the output power, were measured at hourly intervals of time. The corresponding temperature at each reading was also recorded. This was carried out in the dry season and in the rainy season. From analysis of the results, it was found that the times of high charging current,and that is the best time to put out the solar panels for charging is between 9:00 am to 11:00 am on sunny days. On cloudy days, charging should be extended to the evening. With regards to irradiance and temperature, it was found that for both types of panels, the output depended a lot on irradiance. Ambient temperatures above 30oC cause a slight (5 - 9%) decrease in output. Thus the study shows that high irradiance, coupled with temperatures between 26oC - 30 0C are necessary for high panel output.Ghana Journal of Development Studies Vol. 4 (21) 2007: pp. 117-12

Determinants of Virological Failure in HIV Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Background: Even though highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV (Human Immune Deficiency) patients has considerably improved viral load suppression, more people still struggle to reduce viral loads. The aim of the study was to determine the associated factors of virological failure in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 366 participants aged 15 years and above who were on HAART for six (6) months or longer with viral load results in 2020. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV patients at 95% confidence interval (C.I.) with a significant level pegged at a p value less than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of viral load failure was 47.0% and adherence to antiretroviral therapy was 62.6% among patients on HAART. The significant predicators of virological failure were basic education (AOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 7.36, 95% C.I = 4.91–59.71), High school/Vocational /Technical education (AOR = 4.70, 95% C.I. = 1.90–9.69), monthly salary/income ˂ GHS 375.00 (AOR = 7.20, 95% C.I. = 1.73–29.95), duration on ART for ˂1 year (AOR = 0.27, 95% C.I. = 0.10–0.75), ART regimen (Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz) (AOR = 3.26, 95% C.I. = 1.95–11.25), 3–5 times missed medication per month (AOR = 2.86, 95% C.I. = 1.34–6.08) and ≥6 missed medication per month (AOR = 23.87, 95% C.I. = 10.57–53.92). Conclusion: Educational status, salary/income, ART duration, ART combination regimen, and number of doses missed were statistically significantly associated with virological failure in patients on antiretroviral therapy. The majority of the respondents adhered to ART, which led to moderate viral load suppression but lower than the target for 2020. There is the need to strengthen the ongoing accelerated social behavior change communication among patients on ART to enhance adherence in order to attain the new UNAIDS target of 95% viral load suppression by 2030 in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Immunization against east coast fever by infection and treatment method in Uganda

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