Kombinasi Penggunaan Butorphanol, Medetomidine dan Midazolam pada Anastesia Badak Sumatera di Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary (SRS) Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK)

Badak Sumatera merupakan salah satu satwa liar yang semakin menurun populasinya dan saat ini terdapat 8 ekor badak Sumatera yang tinggal di habitat semi insitu SRS Tn Way Kambas. Pemeriksaan gigi dan dental floating merupakan salah satu tindakan medis yang rutin dilakukan dalam kondisi teranastesi pada badak Sumatera di SRS. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian dari kombinasi obat bius Butorphanol, Medetomidine dan Midazolam selama prosedur kegiatan dental floating berlangsung. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada tiga ekor badak jantan dewasa di SRS berumur 10 tahun (jantan 1), 15 tahun (jantan 2), dan 21 tahun (jantan 3) dalam keadaan sehat. Ketiga badak tidak dipuasakan sebelum kegiatan anastesi dilakukan. Metode anastesi dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu pemberian induksi, supplementary drug dan antidota (recovery). Sediaan obat bius sebagai prosedur induksi adalah 40-50 mg Butorphanol, 3-4 mg Medetomidine dan 15 mg Midazolam yang diberikan secara intramuskular (IM). Pengambilan data dilakukan selama prosedur dental floating berlangsung dengan memperhatikan perubahan nilai respirasi, suhu tubuh, dan denyut jantung pada setiap tahapannya. Induksi menggunakan kombinasi obat Butorphanol, Medetomidine dan Midazolam memperlihatkan efek anastesi rata-rata pada 6±2,6 menit dan efek sternal recumbency muncul rata-rata pada 24±16,5 menit. Badak terlihat diam berdiri, hilang kesadaran, penis relaksasi, hipersalivasi, tidak merespon lingkungan, hingga muncul respon sternal recumbency. Pengambilan data parameter fisiologis (suhu tubuh, respirasi, denyut jantung) dan saturasi oksigen dilakukan setelah badak dalam poisisi sternal recumbency pada rentang waktu 3-5 menit. Nilai rata-rata saturasi oksigen adalah 98,5% (jantan 1), 94% (jantan 2), dan 91% (jantan 3), nilai rata-rata pemeriksaan suhu tubuh adalah 36,90c (jantan 1), 36,90c (jantan 2), dan 37,30c (jantan 3), nilai rata-rata frekuensi nafas adalah 13,5x/menit (jantan 1), 12,8x/menit (jantan 2), dan 15,7x/menit (jantan 3), dan nilai rata-rata denyut jantung adalah 46 x/menit (jantan 1), 39x/menit (jantan 2), dan 43,9 x/menit (jantan 3). Obat supplementary yang digunakan selama prosedur berlangsung adalah Ketamine yang memberikan efek sedasi lebih lama. Penggunaan Naltrexone dan Atipamezole sebagai reversal atau antidota memperlihatkan efek yang cukup cepat yaitu 1 menit setelah pemberian secara intravena (IV). Kombinasi Butorphanol, Medetomidine dan Midazolam dapat memberikan efek anastesi yang baik ditandai dengan kondisi relaksasi otot yang baik, respon denyut jantung serta respirasi yang normal.Sumatran rhino is a critically endangered species and their population decreased every year. Currently, there are 8 Sumatran rhinos living in the semi-in situ habitat of SRS in Way Kambas National Park (TNWK). Dental check-ups and dental floating are one of the routine medical procedures performed under anesthesia for Sumatran rhinos at SRS. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using anesthetic combination of Butorphanol, Medetomidine and Midazolam during the dental floating procedure. Data were collected on three adult male rhinos in SRS aged 10 years (1st male), 15 years (2nd male), and 21 years (3rd male) and they were not fasted before anesthesia. The anesthetic method is divided into three stages: induction, maintenance/supplementary and antidote (recovery). The anesthetic drugs that were used are 40-50 mg Butorphanol, 3-4 mg Medetomidine and 15 mg Midazolam by intramuscular (IM) injection. Data were collected by taking the result of respiration rate, body temperature rate and heart rate from each stage. Induction using a combination of drugs Butorphanol, Medetomidine and Midazolam showed an average anesthetic effect at 6±2.6 minutes and the average sternal recumbency effect appeared at 24±16.5 minutes. Rhinos were seen standing still, lost consciousness, relaxed penis, hypersalivation, did not respond to the environment, until a sternal recumbency response appeared. Data collection on physiological parameters (body temperature, respiration, heart rate) and oxygen saturation was carried out after the rhino was in the position of sternal recumbency every 3-5 minutes during the process. The average value of oxygen saturation was 98.5% (1st male), 94% (2nd male), and 91% (3rd male), the average value of body temperature examination was 36.90c (1st male), 36.90c (2nd male), and 37.30c (3rd male), the average respiration rates were 13.5x/minute (1st male), 12.8x/minute (2nd male), and 15.7x/minute (3rd male) , and the average heart rate values ​​were 46 beats/minute (1st male), 39x/minute (2nd male), and 43.9 x/minute (3rd male). The supplementary drug used during the procedure is Ketamine which provides a longer sedative effect. The use of Naltrexone and Atipamezole as a reversal or antidote shows a fairly rapid effect, which is 1 minute after intravenous (IV) administration. The combination of Butorphanol, Medetomidine and Midazolam can provide a good anesthetic effect characterized by good muscle relaxation, normal heart rate and respiration rate responses

Amplification of The GAPDH Gene from The Urine eDNA of Sumatran Rhino in Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, Way Kambas National Park

Profiling the genetic character of each individual sumatran rhino is important in order to maintain individual viability and genetic variability of Sumatran rhinos. Non-invasive sampling is needed to minimize the disturbance of individual sumatran rhinos, this is due to the solitary character of sumatran rhinos and tend to be afraid to interact with humans. Until now, non-invasive sampling of sumatran rhinos in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) has only been done through the source of the puddle. This study aims to amplify the GAPDH gene from sumatran rhino environmental DNA (eDNA) sourced from urine. Urine sampling was carried out on four of the eight sumatran rhino individuals in WKNP. DNA extraction of four sumatran rhino urine samples was carried out with reference to the DNeasy® Blood & tissue kit extraction protocol. Amplification of eDNA extraction results was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GAPDH primers. Visualization of extraction and amplification results from four individual sumatran rhinos at TNWK was tested qualitatively with 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis results showed positive results after amplification of four individual sumatran rhino urine samples at sizes between 100-200bp. This study successfully amplified the GAPDH gene from four sumatran rhino individuals in WKNP based on qualitative tests. In further conservation efforts, it is necessary to explore eDNA extraction from other potential sources