Characteristics of three strains of avian adenoviruses isolated in Queensland. II. Biochemical, biophysical, and electron microscope studies

Three strains of adenovirus were relatively stable to the effects of chloroform, extreme pH, trypsin, heat, lyophilization, and ultrasonication. The structure of the viruses and their mode of replication in cell cultures confirmed these viruses to be members of the avian adenoviruses

Characteristics of three strains of avian adenoviruses isolated in Queensland. I. Biological properties

Three strains of avian adenovirus were isolated and studied in cell cultures, chicken embryos, and chickens. One strain (ADAM-1) was isolated from the bursa of Fabricius of a chicken with Marek's disease, and the others (ADAM-2 and ADAM-3) from one-day-old chicks with respiratory signs. Experimentally, ADAM-1 produced no clinical signs or lesions except atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius. ADAM-2 caused mild respiratory signs in young chickens when inoculated intratracheally. The behavior of the three viruses in cell cultures and chick embryos was similar to that described for other avian adenoviruses (CELO). In a serological survey using the agar-gel precipitation test, 3-30% of sera tested gave a positive reaction

The immune response of chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease with live Newcastle disease V4 vaccine

Vaccination of chickens with the commercial Newcastle Disease (ND) V4 vaccine at 21 days old or at 21 and 35 days old, stimulated satisfactory and persistent HI antibody levels. The vaccinated chickens were immune when challenged at 49 days old or 77 days old with the virulent strain of NDV administered intramuscularly, intranasally or by contact. Postmortem findings of the non-vaccinated and vaccinated chickens that died from the challenge were recorded

An assessment of the Australian V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine by spray, aerosol and drinking water administration

An Australian strain of Newcastle disease virus, was evaluated for use as a vaccine following its administration by drinking water, aerosol and spray to chickens at 1 and 21 days of age. Haemagglutination inhbition antibody was produced and persisted for 11 weeks. Aerosol vaccination induced higher levels of haemagglutination inhibition antibody than the other methods of vaccination. No respiratory disease was observed following vaccination. Chickens vaccinated by aerosol and spray were fully protected when challenged at 5, 7 and 11 weeks of age with virulent Newcastle disease virus. Mortality of 10 to 30 per cent was observed in chickens vaccinated by drinking water and intranasally following challenge