Distribution And Abundance Of Benthic Molluscs In Coastal Waters Of Northwestern Penang Island

The study was surveyed from October 2010 to September 2011 at four sampling sites—Teluk Bahang, Teluk Aling, Teluk Ketapang, and Pantai Acheh. At each site, benthic molluscs, sediments, and water quality parameters were sampled every 2 months, at intervals of 200 m with 6 sampling points. A total of 21 families, 21 genera, and 25 species were recorded with mean abundance of 613.6 molluscs/m2. The dominant species found in the present study were Sacella bellula, Nucula sp., Timoclea sp., Vaceuchelus sp., Ethaliella sp., Ringicula propiquans, Retusa sp., and Lucidesta sp. The highest species diversity (H’ = 1.58) and species dominance (D = 0.74) were recorded at Pantai Acheh; the highest species evenness was recorded at Teluk Aling (E=0.50); the highest total abundance (35,757.3 molluscs/m2) was observed at Teluk Bahang; and the highest organic matter (16.43%) was recorded at 200 m distance. The measured water quality parameters did not differ significantly among the 4 sampling sites (ANOVA, p > 0.05). The following mean values for water quality parameter were determined: nitrite, 0.015 ± 0.001 mg/L; nitrate, 0.01 ± 0.003 mg/L; ammonia, 0.02 ± 0.003 mg/L; orthophosphate, 0.12 ± 0.005 mg/L; total suspended solids (TSS), 138.66 ± 6.38 mg/L; dissolved oxygen, 5.21 ± 0.08 mg/L; pH, 8.57 ± 0.01; salinity, 29.52 ± 0.08‰, and temperature, 29.97 ± 0.05°C. Cluster analysis with Ward’s method (Tukey’s test, p < 0.05) revealed the presence of 3 main groups based on particle size distribution, organic matter content, pH value, ammonia concentration, and distribution and abundance of benthic molluscs

Benthic mollusc assemblages in subtidal coastal waters of Penang National Park, Malaysia

Benthic molluscs were sampled bimonthly from October 2010 to September 2011. Four sampling sites were selected (Teluk Bahang, Teluk Aling, Teluk Ketapang and Pantai Acheh) based on difference human activities in surrounding coastal waters of Penang National Park. Sampling activities were done starting at 200 m from the subtidal shoreline until 1200 m offshore. A total of 432 benthos samples were collected using 6’ X 6’ Ponar grab. From this study, 25 species from 21 families and 25 genera were identified. Particle size analysis was done and revealed Penang National Park coastal waters is a muddy area with more than 80% of the sediment samples diagnosed as mud. Whereas, in Teluk Bahang and Teluk Aling, the starting transects (200 m to 400 m) were consisted mixture of particle size but the proportion of particle size gradually changed to mud towards the shore. Based on Pearson’s Correlation, it was found that Nuculanidae, Megastomia sp., and Timoclea sp. showed positive correlations with sandy particles (1000 ;m-250 ;m) with r values ranging 0.88 to 0.96 at p0.01. The density of benthic molluscs was found highest in Teluk Bahang followed by Teluk Aling, Teluk Ketapang and Pantai Acheh with overall mean value 613.6 molluscs/m2. Penang National Park coastal waters are all considered shallow as the depth never exceeding 10 m