A Postcolonial Reading to My Father’s Rifle: A Childhood in Kurdistan

The struggle for Kurdish identity extends from the Ottoman Empire to modern nation-states. The creation of nation-states catalyzed the transition from “feudal nationalism” to Kurdayeti. Hiner Saleem’s autobiography, My Father’s Rifle: A Childhood in Kurdistan, provides a firsthand perspective on the experiences of the marginalized Kurds in Iraqi Kurdistan. It offers insights into their social, cultural, and political contexts and power dynamics. While Saleem’s work reflects the voice of an understated people, it also requires a postcolonial reading to fully appreciate its content and structure. This study provides a postcolonial reading to Saleem’s autobiography, arguing that the narrative tries to narrate the challenges that the Kurdish ethnicity faced to preserve their ethnic and national identity within the frame of Iraq

The Advantages of Teaching Short Stories in ESL classrooms: A Critical Evaluation

Many experts have emphasized that short story has an important role in learning English as a second language (ESL). The use of short stories in teaching ESL classes has frequently been studied. Many researchers and educators have tried to identify more effective approaches to assist students become more efficient readers. They believe in the usefulness of including literary works into language classes. Literature, in general, and short stories, in specific, have countless advantages for ESL learners when they are taught properly by the ESL teachers. In this review, seventeen studies have meticulously been chosen. They show and discuss the ways literary works and short stories can be utilized in ESL classrooms. Distilling the major findings of the articles, the review concludes that short stories had various advantageous if properly selected and taught

The Advantages of Teaching Short Stories in ESL classrooms: A Critical Evaluation

Many experts have emphasized that short story has an important role in learning English as a second language (ESL). The use of short stories in teaching ESL classes has frequently been studied. Many researchers and educators have tried to identify more effective approaches to assist students become more efficient readers. They believe in the usefulness of including literary works into language classes. Literature, in general, and short stories, in specific, have countless advantages for ESL learners when they are taught properly by the ESL teachers. In this review, seventeen studies have meticulously been chosen. They show and discuss the ways literary works and short stories can be utilized in ESL classrooms. Distilling the major findings of the articles, the review concludes that short stories had various advantageous if properly selected and taught

Arousing Students: Motivation in ESL Classrooms; Increasing and Enhancing Participation, Interaction and Production

The ESL classrooms plan an animated role to enhance the support for English as a second language in most of the areas of the world. The global village has dominated the context of newness and support for the use of English this is why the use of the language is increased. The need for increasing enhancement is high for the classrooms’ output in the context of production and interaction. This is why the participation rate needs to be more in the classes. The role of motivation is promising in this regard to cultivating support for more output from ESL classrooms. Motivation is an action tool that may lead to the growth of the learning process. It is a scheduled practice that may allow the learners to grow with time. Motivation is an important concern in this regard to enhance the tendency of learning. It is evaluated by Li (2020) that most of the students can learn better only because they are highly motivated while those students who are less motivated may drop the course. English is an easy language if the motivation might exist to learn it with continuity. In addition, both internal and external motivational factors are essential in this regard. Motivation has an animated role to enhance the concerns of motivation which may allow the boost to learning it not as a formality but with dedication and support (Htun, 2019). There is a dire need of applying smart tools and see the promising growth of varied instruments in this regard for the professional growth of individuals. English has justified itself to be an essential tool in moving ahead in the world. The analysis has evaluated the motivation role with the aid of relevant tools of qualitative investigation plan of methodology via secondary analysis support

Body Language in Education and Effective Recommendations to Pre-Service Teachers in Classroom Management

Communication with people is achieved through words. While using words and body language in verbal communication, sign language is used with the deaf and dumb. Sending messages to others can be with our words, sometimes only with our body language. As educators teaching in different branches, we need words and body language to communicate with students influentially. Correct use of body language ensures that the message is conveyed to students more effectively and rapidly. In this study, pre-service teachers will be advised about the importance of body language, the experienced educators’ opinions about body language and its necessity in classroom management will be shared. According to experienced teachers, the correct use of body language facilitates the teachers’ class management skills. Hence, this article focuses primarily on why teachers should be good senders and receivers of nonverbal communication. The study was qualitative research, and a google-form interview technique was used. We demonstrated ten experienced teachers’ views from the researchers’ workplace about the significance of the usage of body language based on 3 open and 2 close ended questions

Atrioventricular Septal Defects Repair: Comparison of Classic Single Patch and Double-Patch Techniques

Objective: Different patch techniques were virtually always used in the surgery of pediatric patients with complete atrioventricular septal defects. In this study, we described our single center, single surgeon experiences and results about the classic single patch and double patch techniques to repair complete atrioventricular septal defects. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 30 patients who underwent intracardiac repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery. The study was conducted between February 2019 to December 2021. Patients in group S underwent surgery using the traditional single-patch method, while group D included patients who underwent repair using the double patch approach (n = 10). Patients’ demographic and clinical information was taken from institutional databases and medical records. Postoperative complications were recorded. Results: When the preoperative/postoperative insufficiency levels of the valves were compared with the Wilcoxon Signed rank test, the findings were not statistically significant for the left atrioventricular valves, but were statistically significant for the right atrioventricular valves. (p=0.02) When we compared postoperative valve regurgitation of both techniques with the Kruskall-Wallis test, no significant difference was found between postoperative valve regurgitation and function, independent of preoperative findings. Conclusion: Both operation techniques did not make a difference between operative or late mortality and morbidity. Depending on the surgeon’s experience, ventricular septal defect size does not play a restrictive role in the selection of the technique to be used. The single-patch and double patch method as described here is methodical, comprehensible, repeatable, and reasonably long-lasting

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and renal functions in children with a solitary kidney

The aim of this study is to investigate the blood pressure (BP) profile, microalbuminuria, renal functions, and relations with remaining normal kidney size in children with unilateral functioning solitary kidney (UFSK). Sixty-six children with UFSK were equally divided into three groups: unilateral renal agenesis (URA), unilateral atrophic kidney (UAK), and unilateral nephrectomy (UNP). Twenty-two age-, weight-, and height-matched healthy children were considered as a control group. The serum creatinine level and first-morning urine microalbumin and creatinine concentrations were determined by the standard methods. Also, the BP profile was determined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). We found that the serum creatinine level was higher and creatinine clearance was lower in each patient groups compared to those of the control group (p < 0.05). Compared with the controls, each group of patients had mean office, 24-h, daytime, and night-time systolic and diastolic BP values similar to those of the controls (p > 0.05). An inverse correlation was found between the renal size standard deviation scores (SDS) of normal kidneys and 24-h systolic and diastolic BP load SDS in all of the patients (p < 0.05; r = −0.372, r = −0.295, respectively). The observed relationship between renal size SDS and 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic and diastolic BP load SDS suggests that children with UFSK should be evaluated by using ABPM for the risk of hypertension

Adriyamisin ile oluşturulan deneysel nefrotik sendrom modelinde talidomidin nefrotik sendromun laboratuvar bulguları üzerine etkisi

TEZ7832Tez (Yandal Uzmanlık) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2010.Kaynakça (s. 77-93) var.ix, 94 s. : res. ; 29 cm.Aim: The current hypothesis for the pathogenesis of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome favors the involvement of a T cell-mediated immune response. Adriamycin induced nephritic syndrome is a widely used model for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Thalidomide is an immunmodulatory agent that down regulates the inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-?, interleukin-6, and as well as angiogenesis, and apopitosis. The aim of this study was to investigated the role of thalidomide on proteinuria, tumor necrosis factor-? and interleukin-6 in the model of adriamycine-induced nephrosis. Method: Sixty rats divided equally into four groups: Group 1 was healthy control group except the first group, experimental nephrotic syndrome was induced by intraperitoneal adriamycine (10 mg/kg). Group 2 consist of 15 rats which were not performed any treatment and accepted as nephritic control group. Both Group 3 and 4 received thalidomide, but thalidomide started at the first day in Group 3 and at the 11th day in Group 4 for 20 days. On 21st day, rats were sacrificed after obtaining material for biochemical analysis. Effects of thalidomide on renal function, biochemical parameters, and expression of serum and urine tumor necrosis factor-? and interleukin-6 were determined. Result: Urinary protein excretion and urinary protein/creatinine ratio were significantly highest in Group 2, and lowest in Group 1, and found significantly lower in Group 3 than in Group 2. No difference was found between Group 1 and 3. The levels of serum total protein and albumin levels were significantly higher in Group 3 than in Groups 2 and 4 (p<0,001). No statistically significant difference was found in Group 3 when compared with Group 1.Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in Group 3 than in Group 2. But no difference was found in cholesterol and triglyceride levels between Group 3 and 4. Mean serum interleukin-6 level was significantly lower in the Group 1 than all of the groups (p< 0,001). Urinary interleukin-6 level was not statistically different between the groups. Urinary tumor necrosis factor-? level was found significantly higher in the Group 1 than in the Group 3 (p<0,001). Serum tumor necrosis factor-? level was lowest in the Group 1 but no statistically significant difference was found between groups. Conclusion: Thalidomide is an effective anti-proteinuric and immunmodulatory agent that capable of suppressing adriamycine-induced nephrosis with early treatment.Amaç: Çocukluk çağı idipatik nefrotik sendromun patogenezindeki son hipotez T hücre ile ilişkili immun cevabın etkilendiğini bildirmektedir. Adriyamisinle indüklenen nefrotik sendrom, idiyopatik nefrotik sendrom oluşumunda sık kullanılan bir modeldir. Talidomid inflamatuvar tümör nekrozis faktör-?, interlökin-6'yı, anjiogenezisi ve apoptozisi baskılayan bir immunomodülatör ajandır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, adriamisin ile oluşturulan nefrotik sendrom modelinde, talidomidin proteinüri, tümör nekrozis faktör-? ve interlökin-6 üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Atmış sıçan dört gruba ayrıldı. Deneysel nefrotik sendrom intraperitoneal adriyamisin (10 mg/kg) enjekte edilerek oluşturuldu. Grup 1 sağlıklı kontrol grubu, grup 2 nefrotik sendrom oluşturulan fakat herhangi bir tedavi verilmeyen nefrotik kontrol grubu (15 sıçan), Grup 3 ve 4 talidomid tedavisi verilen gurup. Grup 3'te talidomid tedavisi ilk gün, Grup 4'te talidomid tedavisi 11. günden başlayıp, 20. güne kadar verildi. Sıçanlar 21. gün sonunda biyokimyasal değerlendirme için intrakardiyak yolla kan alınıp, kanamaya bırakılarak feda edilmiştir. Talidomidin böbrek fonksiyonları, biyokimyasal parametrelere etkisi, serum ve idrarda tümör nekrozis faktör-? ve interlökin-6 düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: İdrar protein atılımı ve idrar protein/kreatinin oranı istatiksel olarak anlamlı derecede Grup2'de en yüksek, Grup 1'de en düşük, Grup 3'te Grup 2'den anlamlı düşüktü. Grup 1 ve 3 arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. Serum total protein ve albumin düzeyleri Grup 3'te Grup 2 ve 4'ten anlamlı derecede daha yüksek (p<0.001), Grup 3 ile Grup 1 arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. Total kolesterol ve trigliserid düzeyleri Grup 3'te Gurup 2'den anlamlı derecede daha düşük, Grup 3 ve Grup 4 arasında ise anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Ortalama serum interlökin-6 düzeyi Grup 1'de tüm gruplardan daha düşük bulundu (p<0,001). Gruplar arasında idrar interlökin-6 düzeyleri açısından farklılık bulunmadı. İdrar tümör nekrozis faktör-? düzeyi Gurup1'de, Gurup 3'ten istatistiksel olarak anlamlı daha yüksekti (p<0,001). Serum tümör nekrozis faktör-? düzeyi Grup 1'de en düşük bulundu fakat guruplar arasında istatistiksel bir farklılık saptanmadı. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak talidomid ile erken tedavi, adriyamisinle oluşturulan nefrotik sendromu baskılayabilen, etkili antiproteinürik ve immunomodülatör bir ajandır.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TF2005LPT22