N-{[4-(4-Meth­oxy­benzene­sulfonamido)­phen­yl]sulfon­yl}acetamide

In the title compound, C15H16N2O6S2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 83.2 (3)°. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and additional stabilization is provided by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

N-{[4-(4-Meth­oxy­benzene­sulfonamido)­phen­yl]sulfon­yl}acetamide

In the title compound, C15H16N2O6S2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 83.2 (3)°. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and additional stabilization is provided by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

Physicochemical Analysis of Surface Water in Rohri Canal from Sukkur Barrage to Mehrabpur

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of domestic and industrial waste discharge on the surface water quality of Rohri Canal in the stretch of the canal from Sukkur Barrage to Mehrabpur town. Eight sampling points were selected along the canal focusing on canal locations near major settlements. The parameters studied were temperature, pH, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, total dissolved solids and suspended solids, chlorides, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and E-coli. The average value of BOD and COD at the sampling stations were recorded as 212 mg/L and 423 mg/L respectively, which exceed the permissible surface water limits for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results indicate significantly higher value of BOD in sampling locations where there are major settlements and there is a continuous inflow of untreated sewage into the canal. The pH values at all the sampling sites were found within the drinking and irrigation water quality standards whereas the TDS values at only sampling stations (3 and 4) exceeded these limits. The turbidity values of the samples ranged from 237 to 821 NTU, exceeding the WHO drinking water quality standards for this parameter. The values of the water quality parameters including hardness (range 146 to 300 mg/L), chlorides (range 36 to 103 mg/L) and alkalinity (range 120 to 230 mg/L) were found well below the limits of WHO drinking water quality standards. The turbidity values of the samples ranged from 237 to 821 NTU and exceeded the WHO drinking water quality standards for this parameter. At all the sampling sites located near major settlements low levels of dissolved oxygen and the presence of E.coli were recorded. The results revealed that the continuous inflowing of untreated or un-treated sewage and industrial effluents into the canal has changed its physicochemical and biological characteristics, which make it unfit for human consumption and can have long-term irrevocable ecological threats if left unmanage

A RESEARCH STUDY TO ASSESS THE MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF MEDITATION FOR DIABETES CARE PROGRAMMES

It is difficult to manage diabetes as it is a very complicated disorder and has many faces. Diabetes comes after the bio-psychosocial model of health. This research was held at Services Hospital, Lahore (February to November 2018). Healthy life should be maintained in order to manage diabetes. Moreover, evidence of chronic complexities and symptomatic comfort is also required. Thinking is one way that helps in maintaining a healthy life. The policies of thinking-based stress reduction in diabetes care, are illustrated by communication. In diabetes, these therapies hold an additional position. Keywords: Diabetes, Diabetes distress, Holistic health, Psychosocial

MANAGEMENT OF A GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME PATIENT THROUGH THREE TRACK REASONING: A CASE STUDY

Background: Clinical reasoning is a thinking and decision making process which occur in clinical practice. It helps the health care providers to solve the clinical problem by using their reasoning process in an effective and efficient manner. Three track reasoning in one of the clinical reasoning process which includes the procedural, interactive and conditional reasoning to diagnose as well as ensure proper rehabilitation service according to patient and patient’s family members’ needs. Methods: A single case based study through the three track reasoning process. The purpose of this study was to explore the management strategies of a Gullian Barrie Syndrome (GBS) patient through three track reasoning. We have tried to show how the basic idea behind the reasoning process helped to determine the reasoning process and diagnosis. However it has performed through theory and observation. We have also showed how we used the reasoning process through with the common sense reasoning. However it was the part of procedural reasoning in three track clinical reasoning. In three track reasoning, there is also interactive and procedural reasoning part through which we told patient story about his condition, identified his and his family members expectations and to establish hypothesis as GBS. So three track reasoning also supported us to do reasoning process rather than selecting another reasoning process. Results: After analyzing the reasoning process it was identified that to be strict in a single reasoning process is very difficult. Clinical reasoning is the clinician’s ability through which they can consider the interpretation of different clinical findings. An expert clinician must have critical thinking skill rather than ignoring any symptoms or overemphasize the symptoms. In addition, patient’s knowledge, believes and reasoning was found an important part of clinical reasoning process in this study. Conclusion: We have been practicing clinical reasoning in our day to day practice, but we were not conscious about it. That’s why we may not critically think about it at the time of dealing with this case. Thus, selecting three track clinical reasoning model the case was diagnosed and treated accordingly

Performance Analysis of Calcium-Doped Titania (TiO2) as an Effective Electron Transport Layer (ETL) for Perovskite Solar Cells

Ca-doped TiO2 films were synthesized by the modified sol-gel method and employed as the electron transport material of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Morphological, optoelectronic, thermal, and electrical studies of thin films were investigated through XRD, RAMAN, SEM, AFM, UV-Vis, FTIR, and IV characteristics. Ca doping was detected with the help of structural properties while morphological analysis revealed that thin films based on Ca-doped titania are crack-free, homogenous, and uniformly distributed. Further optoelectronic properties have shown a promising conversion efficiency of 9.79% for 2% Ca-doped titania followed by 1% Ca-doped titania, while 3% have shown the lowest conversion efficiency among these prepared samples. The 2% an optimized doping of Ca has shown an almost two-fold increase in conversion efficiency in comparison to pristine TiO2, along with an increase in current density from 15 mA⋅cm−2 to 19.3 mA⋅cm−2. Improved energy efficiency and higher current density are attributed to faster electron transportation; moreover, the optimized percentage of Ca doping seems to be an effective approach to improve the PSCs’ performance

Performance Analysis of Calcium-Doped Titania (TiO₂) as an Effective Electron Transport Layer (ETL) for Perovskite Solar Cells

Ca-doped TiO2 films were synthesized by the modified sol-gel method and employed as the electron transport material of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Morphological, optoelectronic, thermal, and electrical studies of thin films were investigated through XRD, RAMAN, SEM, AFM, UV-Vis, FTIR, and IV characteristics. Ca doping was detected with the help of structural properties while morphological analysis revealed that thin films based on Ca-doped titania are crack-free, homogenous, and uniformly distributed. Further optoelectronic properties have shown a promising conversion efficiency of 9.79% for 2% Ca-doped titania followed by 1% Ca-doped titania, while 3% have shown the lowest conversion efficiency among these prepared samples. The 2% an optimized doping of Ca has shown an almost two-fold increase in conversion efficiency in comparison to pristine TiO2, along with an increase in current density from 15 mA⋅cm−2 to 19.3 mA⋅cm−2. Improved energy efficiency and higher current density are attributed to faster electron transportation; moreover, the optimized percentage of Ca doping seems to be an effective approach to improve the PSCs’ performance

Green synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic applications of silver nanoparticles using Diospyros lotus

Currently, the green route for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using plants leaf extract is an emerging research area in nanotechnology. The present study was explored for synthesis, characterization and catalytic application of Ag NPs using Diospyros lotus fresh leaf extracts. Factors affecting the synthesis were optimized and optimum conditions were pH of 8.6, silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration of 1.5 mM and 10 mL leaf extract. Formation of Ag NPs was observed by change in color of reaction mixture from pale yellow to reddish brown. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, EDX, XRD and SEM analyses. UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed maximum absorbance peak in the range of 407 nm at different time intervals indicating formation of Ag NPs. SEM and XRD analysis confirmed face centered cubic structure and crystalline nature of biologically synthesized Ag NPs with average particle size of 27 nm. The purity of synthesized Ag NPs was revealed by EDX. Finally, photo catalytic activity (PCA) of Ag NPs was studied and 72.91% decolorization of industrial waste water was obtained at 54 h. Some important parameters like pH, turbidity, conductance; TSS, TDS, sulphide, sulphates, etc. were also monitored before and after treatment with Ag NPs